Browsing by Autor "Marliz Arteaga"

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Conflicts over Land as a Risk for Social-Ecological Resilience: A Transnational Comparative Analysis in the Southwestern Amazon
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2022) Rebecca Froese; Claudia Pinzón; Loreto Aceitón; Tarik Argentim; Marliz Arteaga; Juan Sebastian Navas-Guzmán; Gleiciane Pismel; Sophia Florence Scherer; Jannis Reutter; Janpeter Schilling
People in the department of Madre de Dios/Peru, the state of Acre/Brazil, and the department of Pando/Bolivia experience similar conflicts over land, land use, and access to resources. At the same time, each conflict reveals distinct characteristics and dynamics, arising from its history, legal regulation, institutional (in-)capacities, and culturally diverse local populations. The aim of this paper is to better understand the main drivers of social-ecological conflicts over land in and around three protected areas in this transboundary region, known as MAP, and to analyze how (environmental) institutions influence these drivers. The paper is based on a literature review and expert interviews; it focuses on conflicts around (1) gold mining in Madre de Dios, (2) extensive cattle ranching in Acre, and (3) access to communal land in Pando. Using theories of conflict research, expanded by a political ecology perspective and insights from stakeholder and expert interviews, we find that the major conflict drivers are (1) land tenure and access to land and natural resources, (2) identity and lifestyle driven transformations, (3) state and market driven agendas, and (4) networked illegal and criminal activities. Through a comparative conflict analysis, we develop four recommendations to strengthen the creation of reflexive institutions that may be able to foster social-ecological resilience in the region: (1) The clarification of responsibilities between governance institutions and their financing; (2) the awareness raising for existing power structures and opening spaces for enhanced local participation; (3) the breaking of corruptive cycles while developing economically, ecologically, and socially sustainable livelihood opportunities; and (4) taking the continuous reproduction of illegal activities into account while clarifying responsibilities, raising awareness, and breaking corruptive cycles. The results of our research therefore not only contribute to a better understanding of conflicts in the MAP region and the wider scientific literature on social-ecological conflicts and governance, but it is also the first paper that identifies entry points and prerequisites for the transformation from reactive to reflexive institutions in Amazonian societies.
Gobernanza de proyectos de infraestructura: pueblos tradicionales y estrategias de conservación y sostenibilidad en la Amazonía
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Stephen G. Perz; Marliz Arteaga; Sinomar Ferreira da Fonseca; Martha Cecilia Rosero-Peña; Alba Patricia Consuelo Hernández; Waira Jacanamijoy; Flora Macas; Andrea Birgit Chavez Michaelsen; Alexandra Sabo; Robert Buschbacher
Las desigualdades sociales en América Latina siguen siendo evidentes con respecto a los derechos sobre la tierra y la tenencia de recursos. Los proyectos de infraestructura constituyen un elemento clave de las políticas que sirven para mantener tales desigualdades, porque la planificación de la infraestructura está dominada por poderosos intereses y excluye a las partes interesadas subalternas. Esto ha motivado un enfoque en temas de gobernanza de la infraestructura y las estrategias de los grupos subalternos para influir en la planificación. Nos enfocamos en la Amazonía, el objetivo de muchos proyectos de infraestructura y el hogar de muchos grupos subalternos que se han movilizado para resistir la infraestructura y mejorar la gobernanza. Presentamos tres estudios de caso en los que las partes interesadas subalternas siguieron estrategias para intervenir en la planificación de la infraestructura. Dos casos se centran en estrategias instrumentales que buscan un impacto directo por enfoques legales y de comunicación. El tercer caso destaca la colaboración como una estrategia indirecta para apoyar estrategias instrumentales, presentando los factores que afectan la colaboración intercultural. Los casos ofrecen experiencias concretas de diferentes estrategias de los pueblos subalternos para intervenir en la planificación de infraestructura para mejorar la gobernabilidad.
Participatory Action Research for Conservation and Development: Experiences from the Amazon
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2021) Stephen G. Perz; Marliz Arteaga; Andrea Baudoin Farah; Foster Brown; Elsa Mendoza; Yara Araújo Pereira de Paula; Leonor Mercedes Perales Yabar; Alan dos Santos Pimentel; Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro; Guillermo Rioja-Ballivián
Research that features participation and action orientation, such as participatory action research (PAR), is especially valuable in contexts where there is rapid change, high social inequality, and great uncertainty about the future, which drives stakeholder demands for information to support their goals. The Amazon offers such a context, for it is a region where diverse stakeholders engage in contestation over environmental governance to address issues such as climate change to achieve conservation and sustainable development. Stakeholder mobilization has changed the terms by which research is conducted, from the definition of priority topics to the application of findings. Due to stakeholder mobilization, more and more research in the Amazon is now necessarily participatory, for stakeholders routinely issue demands about how the research will be conducted and for what purpose. In this paper, we provide an overview of several experiences of implementing methods such as PAR by different teams or networks, focusing on the complementary contributions of outside researchers and local stakeholders. The heart of the paper reports on three broad types of experiences focusing on conservation and development in the Amazon: (1) participatory data collection for co-production of knowledge for environmental governance, (2) inclusive environmental monitoring systems, and (3) innovative models of knowledge exchange to facilitate collective action. Within each type, we report multiple experiences with distinct approaches to participation and action in research. These experiences constitute models that can be replicated in other places for broader impact to support conservation and development.
Participatory Mapping for Strengthening Environmental Governance on Socio-Ecological Impacts of Infrastructure in the Amazon: Lessons to Improve Tools and Strategies
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2021) Carla Mere Roncal; Gabriel Cardoso Carrero; Andrea Chavez; Angélica M. Almeyda Zambrano; Bette A. Loiselle; Felipe Veluk Gutiérrez; Vanessa Luna-Celino; Marliz Arteaga; Eduardo Schmitz Bongiolo; André Segura Tomasi
The Amazon region has been viewed as a source of economic growth based on extractive industry and large-scale infrastructure development endeavors, such as roads, dams, oil and gas pipelines and mining. International and national policies advocating for the development of the Amazon often conflict with the environmental sector tasked with conserving its unique ecosystems and peoples through a sustainable development agenda. New practices of environmental governance can help mitigate adverse socio-economic and ecological effects. For example, forming a “community of practice and learning” (CoP-L) is an approach for improving governance via collaboration and knowledge exchange. The Governance and Infrastructure in the Amazon (GIA) project, in which this study is embedded, has proposed that fostering a CoP-L on tools and strategies to improve infrastructure governance can serve as a mechanism to promote learning and action on factors related to governance effectiveness. A particular tool used by the GIA project for generating and sharing knowledge has been participatory mapping (Pmap). This study analyzes Pmap exercises conducted through workshops in four different Amazonian regions. The goal of Pmap was to capture different perspectives from stakeholders based on their experiences and interests to visualize and reflect on (1) areas of value, (2) areas of concern and (3) recommended actions related to reducing impacts of infrastructure development and improvement of governance processes. We used a mixed-methods approach to explore textual analysis, regional multi-iteration discussion with stakeholders, participatory mapping and integration with ancillary geospatial datasets. We believe that by sharing local-knowledge-driven data and strengthening multi-actor dialogue and collaboration, this novel approach can improve day to day practices of CoP-L members and, therefore, the transparency of infrastructure planning and good governance.