Browsing by Autor "Mauricio Salinas"
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Item type: Item , CARACTERIZACIÓN GEOTÉCNICA DE SUELOS CONTAMINADOS POR HIDROCARBUROS EN CARRASCO, COCHABAMBA, BOLIVIA(2000) René Mariscal; Mauricio SalinasGEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATED SOLLS IN CARRASCO, COCHABAMBA, BOLIVIA Se presenta la caracterizacion del perfil de suelo en un sector del campo petrolero Carrasco, ubicado aproximadamente a 270 km. al noreste de la ciudad de Cochabamba, Bolivia, En la zona, la emision continua de desechos provenientes de la refineria del campo petrolero viene afectando un area aproximada de 2 500 m2, con la formacion de almacenamientos superficiales de contaminantes identificados como Hidrocarburos Totales de Petroleo (TPH), B estudio ha sido realizado sobre un canal natural que transporta los desechos de la refineria, estableciendose que la zona mas afectada se encuentra a casi 550 m de la fuente de emision conformada por un tubo de desechos, Fueron determinadas las caracteristicas de los estratos de suelo presentes en la zona a traves de pruebas de perforacion, extraccion de muestras a diferentes profundidades, ensayos de resistividad electrica y la estimacion del grado de infiltracion que presenta el suelo evaluado en campo. Asimismo, se ha establecido la concentracion del contaminante en el agua subterranea y superficial de las proximidades del canal, con lo cual se muestra el potencial de atenuacion que presenta el suelo, Palabras Clave: Suelos, hidrocarburos, permeabilidad, contaminacion, Cochabamba, Bolivia, ABSTRACT The soil profile in one sector of the Carrasco oil field, located 270 km north east of the city of Cochabamba, Bolivia, was studied the site a natural channel, used by the refinery for waste disposal. An Brea of approximately 2 500 m2 has been contaminated by Gil waste, generated by the refinery thee contaminants have been identified as Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH), the highest contamination impact was found 550 m from the entry point of a discharge pipe, the soil profile was determined by soil perforation, soil sampling at different depths, electrical resistively evaluation, and field tests to determine the infiltration of TPH. Also, the concentration of TPH in surface and groundwater samples, collected in the vicinity of the channel, was determined, The results demonstrated the soil potential to reduce contaminants. Key Words: Soils, hydrocarbons, permeability contamination, Cochabamba, BoliviaItem type: Item , Predicción del movimiento subterráneo de contaminantes de petróleo en Carrasco, Cochabamba, Bolivia(2000) René Mariscal; Mauricio SalinasPREDICTION OF UNDERGROUND MOVEMENT OF HYDROCARBON CONTAMINANTS IN CARRASCO, COCHABAMBA, BOLIVIA En el presente estudio se realiza la estimacion de la trayectoria subterranea de los hidrocarburos totales de petroleo (TPH) expulsados a un canal natural que desemboca en el rio Izozog, proximo al campo petrolero Carrasco, ubicado al noreste del departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia. El trabajo consiste de la aplicacion de programas computacionales, SEEP/W y CTRAN/W de GeoSlope International, sobre el perol geotecnico de la zona, lo cual genera un modelo matematico bidimensional. En el analisis, se ha variado principalmente las condiciones de saturacion del suelo. De esta manera, en forma comparativa, se ha especificado la influencia que tiene la saturacion en los niveles subterraneos de agua asi como la posible trayectoria que realizan los contaminantes a traves de los procesos de absorcion-dispersion originados en los estratos subterraneos. De acuerdo el los resultados, se estima que en la actualidad, la infiltracion del contaminante alcanza una profundidad cercana a 15 m. De mantenerse las condiciones imperantes en la zona, el efecto contaminante puede ser duplicado en los proximos cinco anos. Palabras Clave: Contaminantes, movimiento subterraneo, grado de saturacion, modelacion geotecnica, Cochabamba, Bolivia. ABSTRACT The subsurface movement of total hydrocarbons (THC) was studied in a channel used for waste disposal by oil exploration activities in the Carrasco oil field, located in the Carrasco Province in the north eastern part of the State of Cochabamba. The channel carries the contaminants towards the Izozog River. The study applied SEEP/W and CTRAN/W software from GeoSlope International, to the geotechnical profile of the area, generating a bi-directional mathematical model In the analysis, mainly the saturation level were varied. As a result, the importance that soil saturation and soil profile differences have on subsurface contaminant movement and absorption-dispersion were analyzed. Based on the results, it is estimated that currently the contaminant has reached a depth of approximately 15 m. Should the overall conditions not change, it is estimated that, in five years, the contaminant may reach a depth of 30 m. Key Words: Contamination, underground movement, saturation, geotechnical modelling, Cochabamba, Bolivia.Item type: Item , Quality of life in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Latin American countries(2024) Martín Eduardo Fernández; Ivette Buendía-Roldán; Muricio González; Emily Rincón-Álvarez; María Laura Alberti; Fabián Matías; Esther Tavera; Eva García‐Vázquez; Mauricio Salinas; Matías Florenzano<bold>Background:</bold> Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is one of the most common interstitial lung diseases characterised by worsening dyspnoea, lung function, and weight loss, all impacting on daily life. This study aimed to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in IPF patients in Latin America countries. <bold>Methods:</bold> Six countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Mexico, and Republica Dominicana) enrolled patients with IPF and answered: Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (SGRQ-I) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), additionally demographic characteristics, Torvan index and lung function test were assessed. IPF diagnosis was according to ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT 2018 criteria. <bold>Results:</bold> We enlisted 75 patients diagnosed with IPF; 81% were male, with an average age of 74±7. The total SGRQ-I score was 49±23, with a higher score in the activity domain of 70±23. Torvan index average was 17±6. We found that 28% presented anxiety and 35% depression. Patients requiring oxygen had a worse quality of life (total SGRQ-I 62±22 vs. 45±22, p=0.003) without finding differences by separate groups according to treatment with or without antifibrotic treatment. Lastly, we did not find differences in HRQoL when dividing groups according to their altitude above sea level, except for a higher frequency of anxiety in patients living at sea level. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> This is the first multicenter study conducted in referral ILD centers in Latin America to asses HRQoL in IPF patients. We found similar data compared to those reported in real-life European populations. We also found that anxiety and depression are prevalent. However, they are often underdiagnosed and therefore left untreated.Item type: Item , Rótulos, etnografía y curadurías en el Museo Histórico de la Policía Nacional, Bogotá(Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador, 2017) Daniel Kraus; Xavier Andrade Andrade; Ana María Forero Ángel; Mauricio SalinasEnsayo visual "Rótulos, etnografía y curadurías en el Museo Histórico de la Policía Nacional, Bogotá"