Browsing by Autor "Mirko Rojas Cortez"

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A strategy for scaling up access to comprehensive care in adults with Chagas disease in endemic countries: The Bolivian Chagas Platform
(Public Library of Science, 2017) María‐Jesús Pinazo; Jimy Pinto; Lourdes Ortiz; Jareth Sánchez; Wilson García; Ruth Saravia; Mirko Rojas Cortez; Silvia Moriana; Enric Grau; Daniel Lozano
This strategy provides a solution to unmet demands in the care of patients with CD, improving access to diagnosis and treatment. Further scaling up of diagnosis and treatment will be based on the expansion of the model of care to the NHS structures. Its sustainability will be ensured as it will build on existing local resources in Bolivia. Still human trained resources are scarce and the high staff turnover in Bolivia is a limitation of the model. Nevertheless, in a preliminary two-years-experience of scaling up this model, this limitations have been locally solved together with the health local authorities.
Active dispersal by wild Triatoma infestans in the Bolivian Andes
(Wiley, 2007) Wilfrid Richer; Pierre Kengne; Mirko Rojas Cortez; Marie Mathilde Perrineau; Anna Cohuet; Didier Fontenille; François Noireau
Triatoma infestans is the main vector of Chagas disease and target of control programmes in the Southern Cone countries. So far Bolivia is the only country where true T. infestans wild foci are documented. The dispersal ability for wild T. infestans was studied at microgeographical scale in Bolivian Andes, to assess the possibility for wild populations to actively recolonize insecticide-treated villages. Nine microsatellite loci were used to detect the extent of gene flow between neighbouring collecting sites. The detection of restricted gene flow between close but distinct sylvatic sites supports the hypothesis that wild T. infestans does not disperse by flying at high altitude (2,750 m asl). It gradually disperses over small distances by walking within a 'patch' of continuous land cover. The genetic differentiation detected between sylvatic and domestic populations suggests a limited short-term role of wild insects in the process of recolonization of insecticide-treated houses in the Andes.
Biología reproductiva de dos poblaciones de Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) en condiciones de laboratorio
(Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, 2011) Jorge Espinoza; Marinely Bustamante; Ana Lineth García; Omar Tenorio; François Noireau; Demetrio Rivera; Mirko Rojas Cortez
Objectives: in the present study, we documented the reproductive biology of two populations of T. infestans, from the mesothermic\nAndean Valleys (20 de Octubre) and the Chaco Serrano (Mataral) in laboratory conditions. Methods: there was used 15 pairs of T. infestans\npopulations (Mataral and 20 de Octubre). The control population was colonies of T. infestans from laboratory. The insects were fed on\nchickens for 45 minutes and kept in a climate chamber at 28 ± 3 ° C, 60 ± 5%. The following parameters and rates were calculated: Fecundity,\nFertility, oviposition index (IO), fertility index (FI). Results: it was observed that the T. infestans strain from 20 de Octubre locality,\npresented the greatest number of eggs per day, with a daily fecundity average rate of (1.95 ± 1.5), a fertility of 95.6% (IO) averaged 0.43\n(IF) average of 0.9. Statistical analysis shown that the 20 de octubre locality, presented significant values between variables of number\nof eggs and the weight of triatomines with a ratio of R2 = 0.77 and a significant Pearson correlation. Conclusions: under laboratory\nconditions two different populations of T. infestans coming from different regions of Bolivia, shown different patterns of fecundity and\nfertility, these data are of valuable importance to be considered by vector control programs, since showed that the life cycle of the same\nvector species may vary according to geographical area, therefore, is very important to continue with studies that describe and help to\nunderstand the biology of the main vector species in Bolivia.
Can wild foci in Bolivia jeopardize Chagas disease control efforts?
(Elsevier BV, 2005) François Noireau; Mirko Rojas Cortez; Fernando A. Monteiro; Ana María Jansen; Faustino Torrico
Caracterización de la infestación de viviendas por Aedes aegypti en el área metropolitana de Cochabamba, Bolivia: nuevos registros altitudinales
(2016) Evelin Aquino Rojas; Mirko Rojas Cortez; Jorge Espinoza; Efraín Vallejo; Daniel Lozano; Faustino Torrico
La rapida proliferacion del vector en areas de clima calido y baja altitud, como el oriente y la amazonia boliviana, genero la necesidad de analizar la adaptabilidad del A. aegypti en zonas templadas, tal es el caso de los valles mesotermicos de la ciudad metropolitana de Cochabamba. Objetivo : l a evaluacion entomologica se realizo en una muestra de 264 viviendas seleccionadas al azar en Abril del 2016. El area de estudio abarca zonas urbanas de seis municipios (Cercado, Sacaba, Colcapirhua, Tiquipaya, Quillacollo y Vinto) del departamento de Cochabamba. El diseno para el estudio fue epidemiologico, transversal de diagnostico comunitario . Metodos : de la muestra referida, 100 viviendas se encontraron larvas de A. aegypti , que corresponde a un 38% de infestacion larvaria y un Indice Breteau de 1,0. Las llantas, turriles y recipientes desechables son un factor de riesgo para la propagacion y adaptacion del vector en nuestra region. Resultados : los hallazgos confirman la dispersion del A. aegypti con algunas regiones con mayor prevalencia (zona sud de cercado urbano, Colcapirhua y Quillacollo en el valle bajo). Tambien se evidencio por primera vez que la dispersion y colonizacion de larvas de A. aegypti en el area de estudio alcanzo una altura minima de 2 538 m/s/n/m. y una altura maxima de 2 623 m.s.n.m. Conclusiones : La prevencion y el control de A. aegypti , en la metropoli de Cochabamba va a requerir un trabajo mancomunado integral e intersectorial enfocados en una estrategia de intervencion de gestion socioambiental de corresponsabilidad y participacion comunitaria, generando como resultado un Manejo Integrado del Vector. Palabras claves : Aedes aegypti , epidemiologia, infestacion, Bolivia .
Challenges in Chagas Disease Control Through Transmission Routes
(2020) Mirko Rojas Cortez; Óscar Noya; Sergio Sosa‐Estáni; Joaquím Gascón
Community-based entomological surveillance in three Chagas disease-endemic regions in sub-Andean Bolivia
(Oxford University Press, 2021) Mirko Rojas Cortez; María‐Jesús Pinazo; Joaquím Gascón; Enzo Gamarra; Rosse Mary Grágeda; R Telmo Fernández; Eduardo Arana‐Rueda; Jimy Pinto; Helmut Magne Anzoleaga; Yurly Escobar Caballero
The report of triatomines foci by inhabitants represents an effective surveillance system coordinated by a network of specialized and multidisciplinary health centers. These strategies, which should be included in the health policies of endemic countries, enable extending and deepening the dialogue among technicians, communities and their local authorities.
Entomological surveillance with community engagement at Chagas Platform Centers for comprehensive care in the mesothermal valleys of three regions of the endemic area of Triatoma infestans in Bolivia
(Research Square (United States), 2019) Mirko Rojas Cortez; María‐Jesús Pinazo; Jimy Pinto; Helmut Magne Anzoleaga; Yurly Escobar Caballero; Gloria Sandy Urioste; Jareth Sánchez; Mario Castellon; Wilson Garcia; Lourdes Ortiz Daza
Abstract Background The detection of residual foci inside the houses, or the reinfestation of triatomines is one of the main entomological surveillance challenges. Actions aimed at increasing the probability of vector detection and to detect re-infestation when the density of vector populations is low, is a priority objective for Chagas control programs. MethodsFamilies belonging to local communities were responsible of triatomine specimens capture, following a strategic methodology based on entomological surveillance with community participation developed by the National Chagas Programme of the Ministry of Health of Bolivia. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the entomological surveillance strategy with community engagement implemented in Chagas Platform Centers for comprehensive care (CPs). The degree of intradomicillary residual vector infestation, the main seasonal period of triatomines capture, and natural infection by trypanosomatids rates were evaluated. Results In rural and peri-urban Punata, in the Department of Cochabamba, the houses infestation rate by triatomines exceeds the national average and is above the recommendations of PAHO / WHO. The observations during the seasons of the year showed that Spring season (September to December) was the period where there was a higher average of T. infestans positive houses detected by the families participating in the study in the three departments of Bolivia. The presence of infected triatomines with Trypanosomatideos in positive houses was 6% in the study area, still finding active domestic cycles in rural and peri-urban areas and not in urban areas where triatomines with parasites were not reported during the seven years of monitoring. Conclusions Reporting infestation foci by the inhabitants is the simplest and most direct way of participation of the community in entomological surveillance. These strategies should be included in the health policies of the countries, as well as extending and deepening the dialogue between technicians, communities and their local authorities.
Infestation of peridomesticAttalea phaleratapalms byRhodnius stali, a vector ofTrypanosoma cruziin the Alto Beni, Bolivia
(Wiley, 2010) Silvia A. Justi; François Noireau; Mirko Rojas Cortez; Fernando A. Monteiro
Attalea phalerata palms represent an important sylvatic ecotope occupied by R. stali in the Alto Beni region of Bolivia, where there are signs of T. cruzi transmission to humans, despite the preliminary indication of low level of natural infection of the vectors.
Intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary captures of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the leishmaniasis endemic area of Chapare province, tropic of Cochabamba, Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2015) Cristina Ballart; Gisela Vidal; Albert Picado; Mirko Rojas Cortez; Faustino Torrico; Mary Cruz Torrico; Rodrigo Espíndola Godoy; Daniel Lozano; Montserrat Gállego
New insights on the spread of Triatoma infestans from Bolivia—Implications for Chagas disease emergence in the Southern Cone
(Elsevier BV, 2010) Mirko Rojas Cortez; Fernando A. Monteiro; François Noireau
Results and evaluation of the expansion of a model of comprehensive care for Chagas disease within the National Health System: The Bolivian Chagas network
(Public Library of Science, 2022) María‐Jesús Pinazo; Mirko Rojas Cortez; Ruth Saravia; Wilson Garcia-Ruiloba; Carlos Alberto do Nascimento Ramos; Jimy Pinto; Lourdes Ortiz; Mario Castellon; Nilce Mendoza-Claure; Daniel Lozano
After being recognized by the Chagas National Programme as a healthcare model aligned with national laws and priorities, the Bolivian platform of Chagas as an innovation, includes attributes that they have made it possible to expand the strategy at the national level and could also be adapted in other countries.
Susceptibility of Triatoma infestans to deltamethrin in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
(Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, 2009) Ivan Vieira Sonoda; Grasiele Caldas D'Ávila Pessoa; Mirko Rojas Cortez; João Carlos Pinto Dias; Álvaro J. Romanha; Liléia Diotaiuti
Strategies for controlling Chagas disease are based on spraying infested houses with pyrethroid insecticides. However, the intense use of these insecticides has promoted resistance of Triatoma infestans and, in Argentina, Bolivia and Southern Brazil, low levels of resistance have been reported. Due to the persistence of T. infestans in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), we evaluated the occurrence of deltamethrin resistance in four strains from different municipalities in comparison to two susceptible strains from Brazil and one resistant strain from Bolivia. The results indicated the absence of resistance in T. infestansfrom RS.
Susceptibility to deltamethrin of wild and domestic populations of Triatoma infestans of the Gran Chaco and the Inter-Andean Valleys of Bolivia
(BioMed Central, 2014) Marinely Bustamante Gomez; Grasielle D¿Avila; Ana Maria Orellana; Mirko Rojas Cortez; Aline Cristine Luiz Rosa; François Noireau; Liléia Diotaiuti
The persistence of Triatoma infestans and the continuous transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in the Inter-Andean Valleys and in the Gran Chaco of Bolivia are of great significance. Coincidentally, it is in these regions the reach of the vector control strategies is limited, and reports of T. infestans resistance to insecticides, including in wild populations, have been issued. This study aims to characterize the susceptibility to deltamethrin of wild and domestic populations of T. infestans from Bolivia, in order to better understand the extent of this relevant problem. Susceptibility to deltamethrin was assessed in nine, wild and domestic, populations of T. infestans from the Gran Chaco and the Inter-Andean Valleys of Bolivia. Serial dilutions of deltamethrin in acetone (0.2 μL) were topically applied in first instar nymphs (F1, five days old, fasting, weight 1.2 ± 0.2 mg). Dose response results were analyzed with PROBIT version 2, determining the lethal doses, slope and resistance ratios (RR). Qualitative tests were also performed. Three wild T. infestans dark morph samples of Chaco from the Santa Cruz Department were susceptible to deltamethrin with RR50 of <2, and 100% mortality to the diagnostic dose (DD); however, two domestic populations from the same region were less susceptible than the susceptibility reference lineage (RR50 of 4.21 and 5.04 respectively and 93% DD). The domestic population of Villa Montes from the Chaco of the Tarija Department presented high levels of resistance (RR50 of 129.12 and 0% DD). Moreover, the domestic populations from the Valleys of the Cochabamba Department presented resistance (RR50 of 8.49 and 62% DD), the wild populations were less susceptible than SRL and T. infestans dark morph populations (RR50 < 5). The elimination of T. infestans with pyrethroid insecticides in Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, and its drastic reduction in large parts of Paraguay and Argentina, clearly indicates that pyrethroid resistance was very uncommon in non-Andean regions. The pyrethroid susceptibility of non-Andean T. infestans dark morph population, and the resistance towards it, of Andean T. infestans wild and domestic populations, indicates that the Andean populations from Bolivia are less susceptible.
Susceptibility to deltamethrin of wild and domestic populations of Triatoma infestans of the Gran Chaco and the Inter-Andean Valleys of Bolivia
(BioMed Central, 2014) Marinely Bustamante Gomez; Grasielle Caldas Pessoa D'Avila; Ana Lineth Garcia Orellana; Mirko Rojas Cortez; Aline Cristine Luiz Rosa; François Noireau; Liléia Diotaiuti
Sylvatic Triatoma infestans (Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the Andean valleys of Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2007) Mirko Rojas Cortez; Laure Emperaire; RominaV. Piccinali; Ricardo E. Gürtler; Faustino Torrico; Ana María Jansen; François Noireau
Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida Trypanosomatidae): Ecology of the transmission cycle in the wild environment of the Andean valley of Cochabamba, Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2006) Mirko Rojas Cortez; Ana Paula Pinho; Patrícia Cuervo; Fernando D. Alfaro; Marco Solano; Samanta Cristina das Chagas Xavier; Paulo Sérgio D’Andrea; Octavio Fernandes; Faustino Torrico; François Noireau
Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Panstrongylus geniculatus and Rhodnius robustus adults invade households in the Tropics of Cochabamba region of Bolivia
(BioMed Central, 2016) Mirko Rojas Cortez; María‐Jesús Pinazo; Lineth García; Mery Arteaga; Liliana Uriona; Seyla Gamboa; Carolina Mejía; Daniel Lozano; Joaquím Gascón; Faustino Torrico
The results presented here highlight the risk of Chagas disease transmission in a region previously thought not to be endemic, indicating that the Tropics of Cochabamba should be placed under permanent entomological and epidemiological surveillance.