Browsing by Autor "Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary"

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COVID-19 and Dengue Co-epidemic During the Second Wave of the Pandemic in Bangladesh: A Double Blow for an Overburdened Health-Care System
(Cambridge University Press, 2022) Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary; Md. Zahidul Haque; Mondira Bardhan; Alfonso J. Rodríguez‐Morales
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Deadly Flood and Landslides amid COVID-19 Crisis: A Public Health Concern for the World’s Largest Refugee Camp in Bangladesh
(Cambridge University Press, 2022) Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary; Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
Since the beginning of 2020, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought unprecedented risk to global public health and devastated the global health system. In the absence of an available vaccine, the world has already witnessed multiple waves of this pandemic. Since the first case was recorded there on March 8, 2020, Bangladesh has endured eighteen months of infection without reaching zero cases. The country has hosted one million Rohingya refugees residing in 34 camps in Cox's Bazar district who fled away from Myanmar on August 25, 2017. The highly transmissible Delta strain is causing an infection epidemic throughout Bangladesh. Approximately 20,000 infections and 250 deaths were recorded in Cox's Bazar district, which borders Myanmar and is home to 34 refugee camps. As of September 19, 2021, 3,026 cases were reported, along with 32 reported deaths, representing a crude fatality rate of 1.1% in the Rohingya refugee camp. Numerous factors, including prior sexual assault, inactivity, and substandard living circumstances, with ten or more people per space, make the Rohingya population vulnerable to non-communicable illnesses. In addition, thousands of older people and children live in the area. Many of them suffer from non-communicable and chronic illnesses that render them vulnerable to viruses. Thus, implementing preventive measures (eg, social distance) is difficult for Rohingya refugees living in congested camps (40,000 people per square kilometer). hile the country struggles to cope with the increasing COVID-19 pandemic, the Rohingya camp in Cox's Bazar is further exacerbated by the negative impact of monsoon weather. The camp experienced over 300mm rainfall from July 27 -August 1, 2021, the highest ever in the last 20 years. 8 Additionally, the Cox's Bazar has experienced over 1300mm of rainfall from July 27 -September 1, 2021; over 200mm just from August 27-28. These days of heavy monsoon rains and strong winds pelted massive refugee sites, causing deadly flash floods and life-threatening landslides. The flood and landslide caused heavy damage to shelters, injured refugees, and impeded aid response by blocking them from accessing camp. As a result, 87,617 refugees were affected, 25,469 displaced, and ten refugees have died in the floods and landslides. In addition, 3,564 refugee shelters were partially damaged, 3,065 severely damaged, 2,489 fully damaged, and 15 were destroyed. The situation has further worsened by the COVID-19 crisis since the country has undergone a nation-wide lockdown to halt the transmission of virus infection.
Psychological determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among urban slum dwellers of Bangladesh
(Frontiers Media, 2022) Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary; Mondira Bardhan; Sardar Al Imran; Mehedi Hasan; Faiza Imam Tuhi; Sama Jamila Rahim; Md. Navid Newaz; Mahadi Hasan; Md. Zahidul Haque; Asma Safia Disha
Different predictors significantly affect psychological antecedents related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Therefore, considering the factors, targeted actions based on the findings may help to lower vaccine reluctance and boost vaccination rates.
War in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis: A Public Health Emergency in Ukraine
(Cambridge University Press, 2022) Muhammad Mainuddin Patwary; Matthew H.E.M. Browning; Alfonso J. Rodríguez‐Morales
A pandemic has ravaged the world. Now, a war has generated a humanitarian catastrophe in Ukraine. On February 24, 2022, the Russian military invaded Ukraine unprovoked and unwarranted. As of writing this letter, Russian troops have edged closer to the Capital city; seized control of the Chernobyl Nuclear Plant and attacked the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (the largest nuclear plant in Europe); and killed large numbers of Ukrainian civilians, including children and women -all in violation of International Law. The actual number could be much higher. Moreover, 85 children have been killed and more than 100 have been injured due to the invasion, as reported by the Prosecutor General Office of Ukraine. According to the UN, another 2.8 million citizens, mostly women and children, have fled the country to neighboring Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia, and the number of internally displaced individuals continues to rise. 2, hile the war threatens the sovereignty of Ukraine, the spike in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases has intensified the disaster response and increased unwarranted morbidity and mortality. According to a World Health Organization (WHO; Geneva, Switzerland) report, there were 791,021 new cases of COVID-19 and 8,012 fatalities in the region surrounding Ukraine from March 3 through March 9, 2022, with 25,000 new daily cases reported in Ukraine alone. Although case counts are now declining, case counts may spike once again due to the country's low vaccination rates. A similar situation was observed during the first year of the pandemic during the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan, followed by massive COVID-19 surges in both countries. Only 34% of people in Ukraine have received two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine, and less than two percent have received a third dose. 7 Such low vaccination rates are insufficient to keep highly contagious viruses like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) under control. urther, low vaccination rates in Ukraine are likely to increase COVID-19 infections in neighboring countries as millions of Ukrainians flee to those countries. Neighboring countries like Poland have ensured free COVID-19 testing and vaccination for Ukrainian refugees. The political and social upheaval that comes with war makes it more likely that new strains of the virus could emerge, putting the world at risk. Accelerating vaccinations and adopting public health measures like mask use, social distancing, and hygiene practices are essential to halting the spread of infection. Still, these measures are impossible to enforce when a country is under seizing.