Browsing by Autor "Mulatu Geleta"

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Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Fescue Populations from the Highlands of Bolivia Using EST-SSR Markers
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2022) Karina Ustariz; Mulatu Geleta; Helena Persson Hovmalm; Rodomiro Ortíz
In the highlands of Bolivia, native Festuca species are an important source of feed for animals due to their high tolerance to low temperatures and drought. Using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed from expressed sequence tags (ESTs), the genetic diversity of 43 populations of Festuca species from Oruro, La Paz, Potosi and Cochabamba departments was evaluated for the purpose of providing information for effective conservation and breeding. In total, 64 alleles were detected across the 43 populations. SSR locus NFA 142 (with 12 alleles) had the highest number of detected alleles, while locus FES 13 (with eight alleles) had the highest polymorphism information content (PIC) at 0.55. Based on Nei's genetic distance between populations, the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis revealed two major clusters, each consisting of populations from the four departments. However, the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that only 5% of the total variation separated these two groups, indicating low genetic differentiation between the populations. It was also found that there was a low but significant differentiation (0.08%) between the population groups of the four departments (p = 0.01). The newly developed EST-SSR markers are highly valuable for evaluating the genetic diversity of Bolivian fescues and other related species.
Delving into the Bioactive and Nutritional Compounds in Bolivian Accessions of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Fruits: Relationship with Genetic, Phenotypic, and Origin Indicators
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Evelyn E. Villanueva-Gutierrez; Karl‐Erik Gustavsson; Marie Olsson; Mulatu Geleta; Eva Johansson
Bolivia is one of the centers of origin of tomatoes. As a result, a wide array of tomatoes exists in the country, containing a variety of bioactive compounds that are beneficial for plants and human consumption. Here, we evaluated, by the use of high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–MS), 29 accessions from the Bolivian gene bank for content and effects of indicators on polyamines, carotenoids, vitamin C, and their relationships. The content of the bioactive compounds varied significantly (2–500-fold) among accessions with the exception of lutein, spermidine, and spermine. Among the indicators, specifically, the ‘genotype group’ and the ‘locality of origin’ had a relationship with the content of carotenoids and vitamin C. However, despite the large variation in bioactive compounds among the genotypes, few determinants of this phenomenon were identified in the present study. Therefore, to distinguish genotypes that produce large amounts of bioactive compounds for breeding purposes or product development, broad-based screening is necessary instead of focusing on indicators or determinants.
Mineral composition and nutritive value of Festuca ecotypes originated from the highland region of Bolivia and cultivars from Argentina
(Southern Cross Publishing, 2019) Karina Ustariz; Mulatu Geleta; Helena Persson Hovmalm; Franz Gutierrez; Jorge Alonso Beltrán; Rodomiro Ortíz
Native grasses constitute the most important source of feed for camelids, sheep and cattle in the highlands of Bolivia, where the genus Festuca is one of the major feed components. This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional value of 11 Festuca ecotypes from the highlands of Bolivia and two cultivars from Argentina (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. ‘Taita’ and Festulolium). All ecotypes were grown in the same experimental field and their protein, ash, cellulose, moisture and micronutrients (Al, B, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, S, Si and Zn) content was determined. Principal component analysis and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis, based on all nutrients, clearly defined the two Argentinian cultivars as outliers. This differentiation was mainly explained by their cellulose, ash, Mn and Al contents. Analysis of variance based on the origin of the accessions revealed highly significant (P < 0.001) differences for their cellulose, ash, Mn and Mg contents, while they differ significantly (P < 0.05) in Ni, Fe, Na and Al contents. There was a highly significant positive correlation between several pairs of minerals including Mg–Ca (r = 0.94) and Mg–Zn (r = 0.92). Negatively correlated pairs of minerals include B–Fe (r = - 0.65) and B–Ni (r = - 0.58). This study provides useful information about the nutritive quality of Bolivian Festuca ecotypes for their use in breeding programs of this forage grass in the Andean highlands of South America.
Simple Sequence Repeat Markers Reveal Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Bolivian Wild and Cultivated Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2022) Evelyn E. Villanueva-Gutierrez; Eva Johansson; Maria Luisa Prieto‐Linde; Alberto Centellas Quezada; Marie Olsson; Mulatu Geleta
The western part of South America is a centre of diversity for tomatoes, but genetic diversity studies are lacking for parts of that region, including Bolivia. We used 11 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (including seven novel markers) to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure of 28 accessions (four modern cultivars, four advanced lines, nine landraces, 11 wild populations), and to compare their genetic variation against phenotypic traits, geographical origin and altitude. In total, 33 alleles were detected across all loci, with 2-5 alleles per locus. The top three informative SSRs were SLM6-11, LE20592 and TomSatX11-1, with polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.65, 0.55 and 0.49, respectively. The genetic diversity of Bolivian tomatoes was low, as shown by mean expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.07. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that 77.3% of the total variation was due to variation between accessions. Significant genetic differentiation was found for geographical origin, cultivation status, fruit shape, fruit size and growth type, each explaining 16-23% of the total variation. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) tree and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) scatter plot both revealed differentiation between accessions with determinate flowers and accessions with indeterminate flowers, regardless of cultivation status. The genetic profiles of the accessions suggest that the Bolivian tomato gene pool comprises both strictly self-pollinating and open-pollinating genotypes.