Browsing by Autor "Noelia Urteaga"

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Factores de riesgo de melasma en pacientes atendidas en consulta externa de dermatología del Policlínico de Especialidades. El Alto-Bolivia
(2024) Diva Uribe-Cordova; Noelia Urteaga
Introducción: El melasma es la aparición de manchas de color marrón en la piel del rostro, secundario a múltiples factores. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo de Melasma en pacientes atendidas en consulta externa de Dermatología del Policlínico de Especialidades El Alto – Bolivia. Material y métodos: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo observacional, analítico de Caso Control. La población de estudio fueron pacientes de sexo femenino no gestantes. Se calculó un tamaño muestral de 50 controles y 50 casos. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y analítica para correlacionar variables entre los casos y controles, con tablas de contingencia 2x2, Odds ratio, Chi-cuadrado de Pearson y Prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 37.2 años en los casos, y 37.0 años en los controles. Los factores de riesgo predominantes fueron la procedencia igual o mayor a 4000msnm OR=9,6 (IC95% 2.61- 35.21), los fototipos de piel IV o V OR= 9,6 (IC95% 2.61-35.21), la exposición solar igual o mayor a 1 hora diaria con OR=16 (IC95% 5.38-47,56), antecedente de anticonceptivos hormonales OR=3,01 (IC95%1.31-6,92), las enfermedades ginecológicas: Ovario Poliquístico o quiste de ovario OR=4,47 (IC95%1,35-14,75), mioma uterino con OR=12,25 (IC95%1,50-99,80). Dentro de los factores protectores, el uso de sombrero OR=0,19 (IC95% 0,06-0,58, p=0,002) y uso de bloqueador solar OR=0,42 (IC95% 0,18-0,96, p=0,039) fueron los más significativos. Conclusiones: La gran altitud, los fototipos de piel altos, mayor tiempo de exposición solar, el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales, comorbilidad con quistes de ovario o mioma uterino fueron factores de riesgo para Melasma
Nutritional status and human milk intake of exclusively breast-fed infants at high altitude in La Paz, Bolivia
(Cambridge University Press, 2018) Noelia Urteaga; José Luís San Miguel; Ana María Aguilar; Maruska Muñoz; Christine Slater
Breast-feeding habits are related to the nutritional status and the risk of illness and death in children under 2 years of age. For the first 6 months, infants should be exclusively breast-fed. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the infant's nutritional status and human milk intake by breast-fed infants at high altitude. A quantitative, descriptive, correlational study was conducted including mother/baby pairs of infants aged 2-6 months. The amount of human milk consumed by the infants was assessed by the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique. The lipid content of human milk was measured by creamatocrit, and anthropometric measurements were performed. A total of eighteen mother/baby pairs were assessed. The mean human milk intake was 888 (sd 149) g/d, and the intake of water from other sources was 24·3 (sd 29·8) g/d. The lipid content in human milk was 41 (sd 12) g/l. The infant's nutritional indicators were normal in all cases. A moderate positive correlation was found between milk volume and z scores weight-for-length r 0·58 (P=0·01), BMI-for-age r 0·56 (P=0·01) and weight-for-age r 0·45 (P=0·05). There was no correlation with length-for-age z score. The mean of breast milk intake in this study was similar to that found in other studies in the world. The lipid content is comparable to similar studies and was within the normal range. Children older than 3 months showed signs of stunting despite adequate volume and lipid content of breast milk.