Browsing by Autor "O. V. Urquizo"

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Degradación de suelos y tipología de productores para la sostenibilidad del cultivo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Wild) en el intersalar del departamento de Oruro, Bolivia.
(2015) J. E. Cárdenas; O. V. Urquizo; M. I. Cárdenas; Ricardo Gúdel; V. Orzag
La ultima decada se ha caracterizado por una creciente demanda del grano de quinua, ampliandose la superficie cultivada, reduciendo la ganaderia camelida, acelerando la degradacion de suelos y la aparicion de diferentes tipos de productores. De la gestion 2013 al 2014, se ha desarrollado el presente estudio con el objetivo principal de evaluar la degradacion de suelos, identificar tipos de productores y evaluar la sostenibilidad del cultivo de Quinua. La Degradacion de suelos ha sido evaluada con informacion de analisis de suelos del ano 2007 y 2014, asimismo la actividad microbiologica. Para la tipologia se aplico encuestas y entrevistas a una muestra de 63 productores tanto en terminos biofisicos como socio-economicos analizandose la informacion mediante la estadistica descriptiva y el analisis multivariado. Asimismo, se evaluo la sostenibilidad utilizando indices practicos de calidad del suelo y salud del cultivo con una valoracion de 0 a 5. Los resultados muestran que en el lapso de 7 anos los suelos han disminuido en su contenido de materia organica, N total, K+ y Mg++ intercambiables, variaciones que son estadisticamente significativas, tambien la actividad microbiologica disminuye a mayor tiempo de produccion en la parcela. En base a la tenencia de la tierra se identifica 3 tipos de productores, el Tipo I que son los terratenientes actuales con 21 a 50 o mas hectareas, los medianos de 6 a 20,9 hectareas y los pequenos con menos de 6 hectareas, la sostenibilidad del monocultivo en funcion del suelo y la salud es menor cuando mayor es la cantidad de tierra producida. Es urgente iniciar acciones de politicas publicas a nivel nacional, gobernacion y municipios que puedan regular la cantidad de tierra sembrada ya no para vivir bien, sino para vivir sin degradar.
Soils Degradation and Kind of Producer for Sustainable Cultivation of Quinoa in the InterSalar of Oruro'S Department, Bolivia
(2015) J. E. Cárdenas; O. V. Urquizo; M. I. Cárdenas; Ricardo Gúdel; V. Orzag
The last decade it's distinguished by a growing demand of quinoa grain, extending the cultivated surface; a cattle breeding of camelidos has reduced, accelerating the soils degradation and the appearance of different kinds of producers. From the year 2013 2014 this research has been developed and the principal target was evaluate soils degradation, identify the kinds of producers and the sustainable cultivation of quinoa. The soils degradation has been evaluated through soils analysis of the 2007 and 2014 years and microbiological activity too. For the kinds of producers, was done survey and interview in 63 producers evaluate the biophysics and economics, the information was evaluated through descriptive statistics and the multivariate analysis. Also the sustainability of cultivation quinoa was evaluated using indexes of soils quality and culture health with a rate of 0 5. The results show that in the period of 7 years these soils has been reduced organic matter and total N, K+ and Mg ++ interchangeable, variations that are statistical significant, microbiological activity it's reduced long time production plot. Depending of land tenancy were identified three kind of producers: The kind I, who are the actually landowner with 21 50 or more hectare; the medians from six 20.9 hectare and the small who have less than six hectare, the monoculture sustainability depending of soil and health soil is minor when the producing land is bigger. It's quite urgent start public politics actions national, local government and municipality level that can regulate the seeded land not to live good then to live without degrading .
Soils Degradation and Kind of Producer for Sustainable Cultivation of Quinoa in the InterSalar of Oruro'S Department, Bolivia
(Facultad de Derecho (Universidad de la República), 2015) J. E. Cárdenas; O. V. Urquizo; M. I. Cárdenas; Ricardo Gúdel; V. Orzag
The last decade it's distinguished by a growing demand of quinoa grain, extending the cultivated surface; a cattle breeding of camelidos has reduced, accelerating the soils degradation and the appearance of different kinds of producers. From the year 2013 to 2014 this research has been developed and the principal target was to evaluate soils degradation, identify the kinds of producers and the sustainable cultivation of quinoa. The soils degradation has been evaluated through soils analysis of the 2007 and 2014 years and microbiological activity too. For the kinds of producers, was done survey and interview in 63 producers to evaluate the biophysics and economics, the information was evaluated through descriptive statistics and the multivariate analysis. Also the sustainability of cultivation quinoa was evaluated using indexes of soils quality and culture health with a rate of 0 to 5. The results show that in the period of 7 years these soils has been reduced organic matter and total N, K+ and Mg++ interchangeable, variations that are statistical significant, microbiological activity it's reduced to long time production plot. Depending of land tenancy were identified three kind of producers: The kind I, who are the actually landowner with 21 to 50 or more hectare; the medians from six to 20.9 hectare and the small who have less than six hectare, the monoculture sustainability depending of soil and health soil is minor when the producing land is bigger. It's quite urgent to start public politics actions to national, local government and municipality level that can regulate the seeded land not "to live good" then "to live without degrading" .