Browsing by Autor "Pietra Antonella De Costa"

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BRAZILIAN OVERVIEW OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN THE LAST 5 YEARS: ECOLOGICAL STUDY
(Elsevier BV, 2026) Islene Bezerra da Silva; Felipe Ranoya Purri; João Marcos Geraldo Ramos; Gabriela Garbuio Vendramini; Pietra Antonella De Costa; Ana Carolina Goulart Fernandes
Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis of compulsory notification in Brazil, with transmission associated with exposure to environments contaminated by the urine of infected animals, especially rodents. Factors such as heavy rainfall, flooding and poor sanitation contribute to its spread, particularly in vulnerable urban areas. Given the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, it is necessary to monitor the distribution and temporal behavior of the disease to support public policies for prevention and control. This study aimed to analyze confirmed cases of leptospirosis in Brazil. Observational, ecological and retrospective study based on secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), obtained via DATASUS. All confirmed cases of leptospirosis notified in Brazil between 2020 and 2024 were included and stratified by macro–geographic region. Data were organized by year of notification and summed for each region and for the national total. Temporal trends were assessed by simple linear regression, adopting a 5% significance level (p<0.05). A total of 12,013 confirmed cases of leptospirosis were recorded in Brazil between 2020 and 2024. Linear regression indicated an average increase of 175.6 cases per year (R² = 0.13; p=0.558), without statistical significance, indicating the absence of a consistent linear trend. The highest concentrations occurred in the South (4,015) and Southeast (3,820) regions, while the Center-West region had the lowest number of cases (234), demonstrating uneven geographic distribution of the disease. The study showed a heterogeneous distribution of leptospirosis in Brazil between 2020 and 2024, with predominance in the South and Southeast regions. Although there was an absolute increase in cases, no statistically significant trend was observed. The findings reinforce the need for region-specific strategies to tackle the disease, involving environmental monitoring, vector control, improvements in basic sanitation and strengthening of epidemiological surveillance, especially in contexts of social and environmental vulnerability.
ECOLOGICAL STUDY: BACTERIAL MENINGITIS IN BRAZIL AND TRENDS IN HOSPITALIZATIONS AMONG CHILDREN UNDER 10 YEARS OF AGE
(Elsevier BV, 2026) Alinaira Ângela de Castro e Souza; Pietra Antonella De Costa; Islene Bezerra da Silva; Ana Carolina Goulart Fernandes
Bacterial meningitis is a potentially severe infection with high hospitalization rates and risk of permanent sequelae, particularly in childhood. Children under 10 years old represent a high-risk group due to greater susceptibility to severe forms and rapid progression. In Brazil, understanding the evolution of hospitalizations for this condition can guide public policies on prevention, early diagnosis, and expansion of vaccine coverage. This study aimed to analyze hospital admissions for bacterial meningitis in children under 10 years of age in Brazil. This is an ecological study using secondary data from the Hospital Information System of SUS (SIH/SUS), accessed via DATASUS. All hospitalizations for bacterial meningitis (ICD-10: A39 and G00) in children under 10 years old recorded in Brazil between 2018 and 2024 were included. Variables analyzed included the absolute number of hospitalizations per year and per geographic macro-region (North, Northeast, Southeast, South, and Center-West). Simple linear regression was applied to assess temporal trends and the Kruskal-Wallis test for regional comparison, with a significance level of 5%. A total of 11,618 hospitalizations for bacterial meningitis in children under 10 years old were recorded in Brazil between 2018 and 2024. Linear regression indicated an average annual increase of 51.75 hospitalizations (R² = 0.07), with no statistical significance (p=0.560), suggesting no consistent temporal trend. Regional analysis demonstrated significant differences in the number of hospitalizations (H = 28.87; p<0.001), with the Southeast showing the highest number of cases, followed by the Northeast, South, North, and Center-West. Although the number of hospitalizations for bacterial meningitis in children under 10 years old remained relatively stable in Brazil between 2018 and 2024, there was significant regional inequality in case distribution. The higher concentration in the Southeast may reflect greater population density and better access to diagnosis and hospitalization. These findings reinforce the importance of continuous monitoring and implementing region-specific strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control of bacterial meningitis in the pediatric population.
HOSPITAL MORBIDITY DUE TO PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS IN BRAZIL IN 2024
(Elsevier BV, 2026) Felipe Ranoya Purri; João Marcos Geraldo Ramos; G. Vendramini; Islene Bezerra da Silva; Pietra Antonella De Costa; Ana Clara Aragão Fernandes
Pneumonia is the second leading cause of child mortality worldwide. In Brazil, according to the Ministry of Health, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the main cause of pediatric hospitalizations. Despite its severity, there are no recent studies detailing the profile of hospitalizations in this age group. This study aims to describe hospitalizations due to pneumonia in children under five years of age in Brazil in 2024. Ecological, descriptive study based on secondary data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SIH/SUS). Data collected included hospitalizations due to pneumonia in children under five years, recorded in public hospitals in Brazil in 2024. Variables analyzed were age group (<1 year; 1–4 years), sex (male and female), area of residence (urban/rural), type of admission, average length of stay and mortality. Descriptive analysis of hospitalizations and deaths was performed for each region of the country. In 2024, 173,356 hospitalizations due to pneumonia in children under five years were recorded in Brazil. The mean length of hospital stay was 5.3 days and there were 866 deaths, corresponding to a mortality rate of 0.50%. Disease impact was greater in the 1–4-year age group, which accounted for the largest proportion of hospitalizations. The Southeast region concentrated the largest number of hospitalizations (54,586), with a mortality rate of 0.46%. The Northeast recorded 48,646 hospitalizations (mortality rate 0.50%). The North had 29,272 hospitalizations (mortality rate 0.78%). The South accounted for 25,466 hospitalizations (mortality rate 0.29%), and the Center-West had 15,123 hospitalizations (mortality rate 0.46%). This study corroborates the literature by showing that pneumonia remains a relevant cause of hospital morbidity in children under five years in Brazil, with a predominance of cases among those aged 1–4 years. The Southeast region concentrated the largest number of hospitalizations but had a lower mortality rate. Regional variations reflect different socioeconomic contexts and access to health care. These findings reinforce the importance of public policies that expand access to prevention and timely treatment, taking into account regional challenges and specificities, including in large urban centers.