Browsing by Autor "Rolando Oros"

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Chromosome-level genome assemblies for two quinoa inbred lines from northern and southern highlands of Altiplano where quinoa originated
(Frontiers Media, 2024) Yasufumi Kobayashi; Hideki Hirakawa; Kenta Shirasawa; Kazusa Nishimura; Kenichiro Fujii; Rolando Oros; Giovanna R. Almanza; Yukari Nagatoshi; Y. Yasui; Yasunari Fujita
Quinoa is emerging as a key seed crop for global food security due to its ability to grow in marginal environments and its excellent nutritional properties. Because quinoa is partially allogamous, we have developed quinoa inbred lines necessary for molecular genetic analysis. Our comprehensive genomic analysis showed that the quinoa inbred lines fall into three genetic subpopulations: northern highland, southern highland, and lowland. Lowland and highland quinoa are the same species, but have very different genotypes and phenotypes. Lowland quinoa has relatively small grains and a darker grain color, and is widely tested and grown around the world. In contrast, the white, large-grained highland quinoa is grown in the Andean highlands, including the region where quinoa originated, and is exported worldwide as high-quality quinoa. Recently, we have shown that viral vectors can be used to regulate endogenous genes in quinoa, paving the way for functional genomics to reveal the diversity of quinoa. However, although a high-quality assembly has recently been reported for a lowland quinoa line, genomic resources of the quality required for functional genomics are not available for highland quinoa lines. Here we present high-quality chromosome-level genome assemblies for two highland inbred quinoa lines, J075 representing the northern highland line and J100 representing the southern highland line, using PacBio HiFi sequencing and dpMIG-seq. In addition, we demonstrate the importance of verifying and correcting reference-based scaffold assembly with other approaches such as linkage maps. The assembled genome sizes of J075 and J100 are 1.29 and 1.32 Gb, with contigs N50 of 66.3 and 12.6 Mb, and scaffold N50 of 71.2 and 70.6 Mb, respectively, comprising 18 pseudochromosomes. The repetitive sequences of J075 and J100 represent 72.6% and 71.5% of the genome, the majority of which are long terminal repeats, representing 44.0% and 42.7% of the genome, respectively. The <i>de novo</i> assembled genomes of J075 and J100 were predicted to contain 65,303 and 64,945 protein-coding genes, respectively. The high quality genomes of these highland quinoa lines will facilitate quinoa functional genomics research on quinoa and contribute to the identification of key genes involved in environmental adaptation and quinoa domestication.
Chromosome-level genome assemblies for two quinoa inbred lines from northern and southern highlands of Altiplano where quinoa originated
(2024) Yasufumi Kobayashi; Hideki Hirakawa; Kenta Shirasawa; Kazusa Nishimura; Kenichiro Fujii; Rolando Oros; Giovanna R. Almanza; Yukari Nagatoshi; Y. Yasui; Yasunari Fujita
Summary Quinoa, an annual allotetraploid plant native to the Andean highlands of South America, is emerging as an important seed crop for global food and nutrition security due to its ability to grow in marginal environments and its excellent nutritional properties. Because quinoa is partially allogamous, we have developed quinoa inbred lines necessary for molecular genetic analysis. Our comprehensive genomic analysis showed that the quinoa inbred lines fall into three genetic subpopulations: northern highland, southern highland, and lowland. Lowland and highland quinoa are the same species, but have very different genotypes and phenotypes. Lowland quinoa has relatively small grains and a darker grain color, and is widely tested and grown around the world. In contrast, the white, large-grained highland quinoa is grown in the Andean highlands, including the region where quinoa originated, and is exported worldwide as high-quality quinoa. Recently, we have shown that viral vectors can be used to regulate endogenous genes in quinoa, paving the way for functional genomics of quinoa. However, although a high-quality assembly has recently been reported for a lowland quinoa line, genomic resources of the quality required for functional genomics are not available for highland quinoa lines. Here we present high-quality chromosome-level genome assemblies for two highland inbred quinoa lines, J075 representing the northern highland line and J100 representing the southern highland line, using PacBio HiFi sequencing and dpMIG-seq. The assembled genome sizes of J075 and J100 are 1.29 and 1.32 Gb, with contigs N50 of 66.3 and 12.6 Mb, and scaffold N50 of 71.2 and 70.6 Mb, respectively, comprising 18 pseudochromosomes. The repetitive sequences of J075 and J100 represent 72.6% and 71.5% of the genome, the majority of which are long terminal repeats ( Gypsy and Copia ), representing 44.0% and 42.7% of the genome, respectively. The de novo assembled genomes of J075 and J100 were predicted to contain 64,945 and 65,303 protein-coding genes, respectively. The high quality genomes of these highland quinoa lines will facilitate quinoa functional genomics research on quinoa and contribute to the identification of key genes involved in environmental adaptation and quinoa domestication.
Knowledge management for pro-poor innovation: the Papa Andina case
(Taylor & Francis, 2011) Douglas Horton; Graham Thiele; Rolando Oros; Jorge Andrade-Piedra; Claudio Ríos-Velasco; A. Devaux
Papa Andina began as a regional research program focusing on the Andean potato sectors of Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru, but later shifted its focus to facilitating pro-poor innovation. To accomplish this shift, a number of approaches were developed to foster innovation, by facilitating mutual learning and collective action among individuals and groups with differing, often conflicting, interests. This paper explains why and how Papa Andina shifted its focus from conducting research to facilitating innovation, and describes two approaches that Papa Andina developed to facilitate mutual learning and innovation: the ‘participatory market chain approach’ and ‘horizontal evaluation’. Differing local circumstances and beliefs shaped the work of local teams, and rivalry among the teams stimulated creativity and innovation. Participatory evaluations helped individuals recognize and appreciate differences and build shared knowledge across the teams. After describing the case, the paper discusses the implications for knowledge management and innovation theory, and for the potential use of Papa Andina's approaches in other settings.
Pérdidas Económicas Causadas por Nacobbus aberrans y Globodera spp. en el Cultivo de la Papa en Bolivia
(2016) Javier Franco; Janett Ramos; Rolando Oros; Gladys Main; Noel Ortuño
La información disponible sobre la distribución (incidencia) y pérdidas en el rendimiento (severidad) causadas por Nacobbus aberrans y Globodera spp. en la producción de papa fue analizada para estimar las pérdidas económicas que estos fitoparásitos ocasionan al cultivo en Bolivia. Los resultados obtenidos por extrapolación de áreas cultivadas, incidencia, severidad de daño y precio de venta de los tubérculos han permitido estimar que las pérdidas económicas en el valor bruto de la producción de papa en Bolivia alcanzan a US$52 millones con N. aberrans y US$16 millones con Globodera spp. La especie dominante en este último género es G. pallida en relación a G. rostochiensis. Ambas especies se encuentran más frecuentemente entre los 3,500 a los 4,000 msnm a diferencia de N. aberrans que se le encuentra mayormente entre los 3,000 a 4,000 msnm.Aceptado para publicación: octubre 1998.
Unspoken demands for farm technology
(Taylor & Francis, 2007) Jeffery W. Bentley; Claudio Ríos-Velasco; F.. M. Rodriguez; Rolando Oros; Rubén Botello; M. Webb; A. Devaux; Graham Thiele
For three years in Bolivia (2002–2005) the INNOVA Project finished researching several technologies for sustainable agriculture, started by earlier DFID-funded projects. Before INNOVA started critics suggested that these technologies should be discarded in favour of a demand survey. Instead, INNOVA kept the existing technologies, but judged the demand for them with several methods (CIAL, sondeo technology fair, and others). INNOVA found that there was demand for some of the technologies, but that a survey would have missed much of the demand, which is implicit. That is, people are not initially aware of all their problems or of all the possible solutions. Over the years, farmers made more specific, sophisticated demands on the technologies, which evolved as a result. Demand and supply of farm technology are like two sides of an unfolding conversation.