Browsing by Autor "Rosario Arispe"

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Comparing capture-recapture, mark-resight, and spatial mark-resight models for estimating puma densities via camera traps
(Oxford University Press, 2014) Lindsey N. Rich; Marcella J. Kelly; Rahel Sollmann; Andrew J. Noss; Leonardo Maffei; Rosario Arispe; Agustín Paviolo; Carlos De Angelo; Yamil E. Di Blanco; Mario S. Di Bitetti
Camera-trapping surveys, in combination with traditional capture-recapture or spatially explicit capture-recapture techniques, have become popular for estimating the density of individually identifiable carnivores. When only a portion of the population is uniquely identifiable, traditional and spatial mark-resight models provide a viable alternative. We reanalyzed a data set that used photographic capture-recapture methods to estimate the densities of pumas (Puma concolor) across 3 study sites in Belize, Argentina, and Bolivia using newer, more-advanced modeling including spatial and nonspatial mark-resight techniques. Additionally, we assessed how photo identification influenced density estimates by comparing estimates based on capture histories constructed by 3 independent investigators. We estimated the abundances of pumas using mark-resight models in program MARK and then estimated densities ad hoc. We also estimated densities directly using spatial mark-resight models implemented in a Bayesian framework. Puma densities did not vary substantially among observers but estimates generated from the 3 statistical techniques did differ. Density estimates (pumas/100 km2) from spatial mark-resight models were lower (0.22–7.92) and had increased precision compared to those from nonspatial capture-recapture (0.50–19.35) and mark-resight techniques (0.54–14.70). Our study is the 1st to estimate the density of a population of carnivores, where only a subset of the individuals are naturally marked, using camera-trapping surveys in combination with spatial mark-resight models. The development of spatial mark-resight and spatially explicit capture-recapture techniques creates the potential for using a single camera-trapping array to estimate the density of multiple, sympatric carnivores, including both partially marked and uniquely marked species.
Estimating Puma Densities from Camera Trapping across Three Study Sites: Bolivia, Argentina, and Belize
(Oxford University Press, 2008) Marcella J. Kelly; Andrew J. Noss; Mario S. Di Bitetti; Leonardo Maffei; Rosario Arispe; Agustín Paviolo; Carlos De Angelo; Yamil E. Di Blanco
Estimates of abundance are extremely valuable for species conservation, yet determining abundance for elusive, wide-ranging, carnivores is difficult. We estimated density of pumas using remote cameras across study sites in Bolivia, Argentina, and Belize. We used obvious and subtle markings to identify individual pumas in photographs and conducted double-blind identifications to examine the degree of agreement among investigators. Average agreement on identification between pairs of investigators was nearly 80.0% and 3-way agreement was 72.9%. Identification of pumas as different individuals was uncommon (7.8% pairwise, 0.69% 3-way disagreement) with the remainder described as unidentifiable. Densities of pumas varied consistently from site to site regardless of investigator. Bolivian pumas moved the shortest distances between camera stations and Argentinean pumas the longest, but distances among cameras and area covered by surveys varied among sites. We applied a correction factor to the Bolivian data to account for the small area surveyed and found that, averaged across investigator, Bolivia had significantly more pumas per 100 km2 (mean ± SD; 6.80 ± 1.5) than Belize (3.42 ± 1.3) or Argentina (0.67 ± 0.2). Numbers of pumas in Argentina match those of low-density North American sites, and those for Belize are consistent with the Pantanal and high-density North American sites. Densities of pumas can be reliably estimated with remote cameras for these sites, and our work presents the 1st density estimates for Central America and for forested environments in South America.
Evaluación de la diversidad de mamíferos medianos y grandes en el Parque Nacional Carrasco (Cochabamba - Bolivia)
(1998) Damián I. Rumiz; Christian F Eulert; Rosario Arispe
ASSESSING DIVERSITY OF LARGE AND MEDIUM SIZE MAMMALS IN THE CARRASCO NATIONAL PARK (COCHABAMBA - BOLIVIA) The diversity, distribution, relative abundance, and status of large and medium size mammals, in eight zones of the Carrasco National Park, were assessed with a rapid survey, based on animal signs, sightings, and questionnaires. A total of 67 km of transects, traversing tour major vegetation units ranging from 350 -4 200 m altitude, were surveyed on foot, recording animal tracks, scats, claw marks, and feeding signs. Based on 476 signs and sightings, 32 mammal species were identified and relative abundance was estimated. Riparian sites, ranging in altitude from 350 -2 300 m, showed higher species diversity and abundance than nearby non riparian sites. Highest diversity was registered in undisturbed humid lowland forest. Diversity decreased with altitude (or human presence), although, highlands contain unique and threatened species. Responses by local people to questionnaires increased to 52 the number of species for the park, 33 of which are subjected to hunting and 28 have some conservation status. The presence of important species such as Priodontes maximus, Speothos venaticus, Tremarctos ornatus, Pteronura brasiliensis, Lutra longicaudis, Panthera onca, LeQPardus pardalis, Leopardus wiedii, Oreailurus jacobita (perhaps Felis pajeros), Hippocamelus antisensis, and, possibly, Mazama chunyi was confirmed or reported. Key words: Mammals, animal signs, distribution, altitude, habitats, Carrasco National Park, Bolivia. RESUMEN A fin de evaluar la diversidad, distribucion, abundancia relativa y estado de los mamiferos medianos y grandes del Parque Nacional Carrasco, se realizo un relevamiento rapido basado en indicios y encuestas en ocho zonas del parque. Se recorrieron 67 km de transectas buscando huellas, excrementos, marcas y signos de alimentacion de animales a traves de cuarto unidades de vegetacion que abarcaban desde 350 -4 200 m de altitud. Se registraron 32 especies y se estimo su abundancia relativa en base a 476 indicios y observaciones. Los sitios riberenos, entre 350 -2 300 m de altitud, mostraron mas especies y con mayor abundancia que los sitios no riberenos cercanos. Los sitios mas diversos correspondieron a bosque humedo de llanura no disturbado, mientras que con la altitud (o presencia humana) la diversidad decrecio. Aunque menos diversas, las zonas altas presentaron especies unicas y amenazadas. Los cuestionarios aumentaron a 52 el numero total de especies, de las cuales 33 son objeto de caceria y 28 tienen alguna categoria de conservacion. Entre las mas notorias se inbJuyen Priodontes maximus, Speothos venaticus, Tremarctos ornatus, Pteronura brasiliensis, Lutra longicaudis, Panthera onca, Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus wiedii, Oreailurus jacobita (o tal vez Felis pajeros), Hippocamelus antisensis, y probablemente Mazama chunyi. Palabras clave: Mamiferos, indicios, distribucion, altitud, habitats, Parque Nacional Carrasco, Bolivia.
Geoffroy's cats at the northern limit of their range: activity patterns and density estimates from camera trapping in Bolivian dry forests
(Taylor & Francis, 2006) Erika Cuéllar; Leonardo Maffei; Rosario Arispe; Andrew J. Noss
We used camera traps to survey Geoffroy's cats, Oncifelis geoffroyi, at six dry forest sites in Bolivia. Cumulative activity patterns across all sites are principally nocturnal though the species is active by day in both summer and winter. At two sites the number of captures and recaptures was sufficient to estimate abundance using the software Capture, and in turn a population density of 9–40 per 100 km2 for the two sites. Geoffroy's cats are present in all dry forest types surveyed: Chaco savannas, Chaco dry forest, Chaco transitional forest, Chaco‐Chiquitano transitional forest, Chaco‐Cerrado transitional forest and Chiquitano dry forest. They are most abundant at the driest site, the only one with grassland formations and where ocelots are absent. Camera trapping records tend to be more numerous in the dry season, suggesting seasonal changes in behavior and habitat use. Resumen Empleamos trampas‐cámara para muestrear Oncifelis geoffroyi en seis sitios ubicados en bosques secos de Bolivia. El patrón de actividad en todos los sitios es principalmente nocturno, pero la especie puede estar activa de día en verano como en invierno. En dos sitios tuvimos suficiente capturas y recapturas para estimar abundancia usando el programa Capture, y luego una densidad poblacional de 9–40/100 km2 para los dos sitios. Oncifelis geoffroyi está presente en todas los tipos de bosques secos muestreados: sabanas chaqueñas, bosque seco chaqueño, bosque transicional chaqueño, bosque transicional Chaco‐Chiquitano, bosque transitional Chaco‐Cerrado, y bosque seco Chiquitano. Es más abundante en el sitio con menor precipitación, el único sitio con formaciones de pampas y donde es ausente Leopardus pardalis. Se tiene más registros con trampas‐cámara en la época seca, sugiriendo cambios estacionales en comportamiento y uso de hábitat.
New records and a status assessment of a rare dwarf brocket deer from the montane forests of Bolivia
(Wiley, 2006) Damián I. Rumiz; Érica Verónica Pardo; Christian F Eulert; Rosario Arispe; Robert B. Wallace; Humberto Gómez; Boris Ríos-Uzeda
Abstract Two skeletons, tracks, faecal pellets, photographs and local reports are described and compared with the few previous records of dwarf Andean deer from Bolivia and Peru. Tarsal bones and incisor teeth were diagnostic traits for Mazama and not for Pudu , while skull measurements, ear shape, body colour and facial patterns were consistent with descriptions of Mazama chunyi . Twenty‐five new localities (including more than 60 sites in La Paz and Cochabamba) extended significantly the previously known range for M. chunyi in Bolivia. It occurs in Madidi, Apolobamba, Pilón Lajas, Cotapata, Carrasco and probably Isiboro Sécure protected areas, in habitats ranging from grasslands and Polylepis elfin forests of the ‘ceja de Yungas’ at 3600 m to sub‐Andean forests at 1000 m. A geographical information system modelled geographic distribution area based on altitude and ecological zone estimates a potential range of about 45 717 km 2 in Bolivia. About 36% of this range (or 41% of the extent of occurrence) is degraded and fragmented, but the rest seems to be in relatively good conservation status. Habitat decline and a limited area of occupancy estimated for Bolivia (and suspected for Peru) suggest that M. chunyi' s conservation status should be updated from Data Deficient to Vulnerable VU A4c; B2a+b(iii).
UNA ESTIMACIÓN DEL USO DE LOS RECURSOS SILVESTRES EN LA ZONA DEL BOSQUE CHIQUITANO, CERRADO Y PANTANAL DE SANTA CRUZ
(2002) Rosario Arispe; Damián I. Rumiz
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE USE OF WILD RESOURCES IN THE CHIQUITANO FOREST CERRADO AND PANTANAL AREA OF SANTA CRUZ A fin de conocer los animales y plantas silvestres utilizados por los pobladores locales de la Chiquitania, se realizo una evaluacion rapida en 42 comunidades y sitios representativos de la region. En base a 148 encuestas se identifico un total de 93 especies de animales (43 de mamiferos, 24 de aves, 5 de reptiles y 21 de peces) y 160 especies de plantas usadas por los lugarenos. La mayoria de los pobladores practica la caza y pesca de subsistencia, pero parte tambien comercian carne, cueros y mascotas, Los chiquitanos tienen alta confianza en las propiedades curativas de las plantas e identifican 112 especies medicinales. Otros productos vegetales usados localmente incluyen madera, lena, frutos silvestres, plantas ornamentales y fibras. Orquideas, tallas en madera y tejidos de fibras naturales tienen potencial como productos comerciales asociados al turismo. Algunas especies de fauna como la paraba azul (Anodorhynchus hyacinthynus), la gama (Ozotoceros bezoarticus), el ciervo (Blastocerus dichotomus) y el pecarr solitario (Catagonus wagneri) necesitan evaluaciones poblacionales y medidas de conservacion mas urgentes. Los actores locales necesitan apoyo tecnico para poder planificar el uso sostenible de sus recursos biologicos. Palabras claves: recursos silvestres, encuestas, uso, subsistencia, comercio, indigenas, bosque chiquitano. ABSTRACT In order to identify wild plants and animals used by local inhabitants in the Chiquitania, we conducted a rapid assessment in 42 communities and representative sites in the region. Based on 148 interviews, we identified a total of 93 animal species (43 mammals, 24 birds, 4 reptiles and 21 fish), and 160 plants used by local people. Most people depend on hunting and fishing for subsistence, but some also trade in bush meat, pelts, hides, and live animals. The Chiquitano people have high confidence in the healing properties of plants and identify 112 medicinal species. Other locally used plant products include wood, firewood, wild fruits, ornamental plants, and fibers. Orchids, woodcarvings and woven fibers have good potential as products for sale to tourists. Some animal species such as the hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthynus), pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus), marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus), and Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri) need population surveys and urgent conservation measures. Local actors need technical assistance to plan the sustainable use of wild resources. Keywords: wild resources, interviews, subsistence use, trade, idigenous people, bosque chiquitano.
Understanding multiple pathways of the impacts of socio‐economic shocks on large carnivores
(Wiley, 2025) Ranjini Murali; Altynai Adabaeva; Sixto Angulo; Rosario Arispe; Matthias Baumann; Arash Ghoddousi; Amirhossein Khaleghi Hamidi; Martin Jansen; Leili Khalatbari; Igor Khorozyan
Abstract Large carnivores are ecologically, economically and socially important, but they are also among the most threatened species worldwide. These species face numerous threats, most importantly habitat transformation, prey depletion and hunting. All of these threats could be exacerbated by socio‐economic shocks—such as financial crises, wars, pandemics or political regime shifts—that can cause sudden and structural changes in social‐ecological systems. However, the different pathways through which such shocks impact large carnivores are unclear. Here, we used a social‐ecological systems approach to build a conceptual framework that investigates these pathways. We used expert workshops and case‐specific, narrative literature reviews to illustrate this framework for three cases: (1) impacts of economic sanctions on the Asiatic cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus venaticus ) in Iran, (2) impacts of global commodity price shocks on the jaguar ( Panthera onca ) in Bolivia and (3) impacts of the collapse of the Soviet Union on the snow leopard ( P. uncia ) in Kyrgyzstan. We found that conservation and agricultural institutions were crucial for carnivore conservation, despite the different nature of the shocks and the different socio‐economic settings across cases. We identified linkages between carnivore conservation and the global economy at the levels of nations and communities, which increased the vulnerability of carnivores to shocks. Our cases highlighted the need to proactively create resilient institutions focused on local capacity building, enhancement of social stability and built on internal motivations for conservation, to secure the future of large carnivores in turbulent times. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Using certified timber extraction to benefit jaguar and ecosystem conservation
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2016) John Polisar; Benoı̂t de Thoisy; Damián I. Rumiz; Fabricio Díaz Santos; Roan McNab; Rony Garcia‐Anleu; Gabriela Ponce‐Santizo; Rosario Arispe; Claudia Venegas