Browsing by Autor "Rosario Castro"

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Co-Infection of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and HIV: Report of a Case of Mucosal Leishmaniasis in Cochabamba, Bolivia
(American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2009) Faustino Torrico; Rudy Parrado; Rosario Castro; Carla Jimena Marquez; Mary Cruz Torrico; Marco Solano; Richard Reithinger; Ana Lineth García
We describe the first case of Leishmania/HIV co-infection reported in Bolivia. Initially hospitalized with a diagnosis of pneumonia and bronchitis, the patient had numerous cutaneous and mucosal lesions caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The patient was also diagnosed as severely immunocompromised because of HIV infection.
Epidemiology of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Bolivian patients at high risk of complications
(Public Library of Science, 2019) Laurent Gétaz; Rosario Castro; Pablo Conesa‐Zamora; Marcelo Kramer; Nestor Gareca; Maria del Carmen Torrico-Espinoza; José Antonio Seijas Macías; Susana Lisarazu-Velásquez; Gloria Rodriguez; C Valencia-Rivero
<div>BackgroundStrongyloidiasis can be fatal in immunocompromised patients, but few epidemiological studies investigated the burden of this neglected tropical disease among these populations, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Bolivia. This study aimed to fill in this gap by estimating prevalence rate and risk factors associated with strongyloidiasis among patients at high risk of complicationsMethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in Santa Cruz (elevation 400 meters, tropical climate) and Cochabamba (elevation 2,500 meters, temperate climate), among patients with cancer, HIV infection and rheumatic or hematologic disease, using four coproparasitological techniques and one serological (ELISA) test.ResultsIn total, 1,151 patients participated in this study, including individuals who were HIV-positive (30%) or with rheumatic (29%), oncologic (32%) or hematologic (9%) diseases. The serological and coproparasitological prevalence was 23.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.7–25.5; n = 265/1151) and 7.6% (95% CI, 6.2–9.3; n = 88/1151), respectively, with an estimated actual prevalence of 20.2% (95% CI, 17.9–22.5). Positive serology and positive coproparasitology were associated with younger age and lower education levels. There was no significant difference in prevalence between Cochabamba and Santa Cruz as defined by coproparasitology (6.4% vs. 8.9%; p = 0.11) or serology (24.0% vs. 22.0%; p = 0.4). Among 64 patients in Cochabamba who had never travelled to the tropical lowlands, 5 (7.8%) had a positive coproparasitology.ConclusionsStrongyloidiasis is widely prevalent in Bolivia among vulnerable patients at increased risk of life-threatening complications. Transmission of the parasite occurs both in tropical lowlands and temperate elevation (≥ 2,500 m). Control strategies to prevent transmission and complications of this serious parasitic disease should be urgently reinforced.</div>
HIV and Chagas Disease: An Evaluation of the Use of Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction to Measure Levels of Trypanosoma cruzi Parasitemia in HIV Patients in Cochabamba, Bolivia
(American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2021) Melissa Reimer-McAtee; Carolina Mejía; Taryn Clark; Jules Terle; Mónica J. Pajuelo; Jeanne Cabeza; Meredith H Lora; Edward Valencia; Rosario Castro; Daniel Lozano
This cross-sectional study evaluated epidemiologic characteristics of persons living with HIV (PWH) coinfected with Trypanosoma cruzi in Cochabamba, Bolivia, and estimated T. cruzi parasitemia by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in patients with and without evidence of reactivation by direct microscopy. Thirty-two of the 116 HIV patients evaluated had positive serology for T. cruzi indicative of chronic Chagas disease (27.6%). Sixteen of the 32 (50%) patients with positive serology were positive by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and four of the 32 (12.5%) were positive by direct microscopy. The median parasite load by qPCR in those with CD4+ < 200 was 168 parasites/mL (73-9951) compared with 28.5 parasites/mL (15-1,528) in those with CD4+ ≥ 200 (P = 0.89). There was a significant inverse relationship between the degree of parasitemia estimated by qPCR from blood clot and CD4+ count on the logarithmic scale (rsBC= -0.70, P = 0.007). The correlation between T. cruzi estimated by qPCR+ blood clot and HIV viral load was statistically significant with rsBC = 0.61, P = 0.047. Given the significant mortality of PWH and Chagas reactivation and that 57% of our patients with CD4+ counts < 200 cells/mm3 showed evidence of reactivation, we propose that screening for chronic Chagas disease be considered in PWH in regions endemic for Chagas disease and in the immigrant populations in nonendemic regions. Additionally, our study showed that PWH with advancing immunosuppression have higher levels of estimated parasitemia measured by qPCR and suggests a role for active surveillance for Chagas reactivation with consideration of treatment with antitrypanosomal therapy until immune reconstitution can be achieved.
IDENTIFICACIÓN MICROBIOLÓGICA, MOLECULAR; SEROLÓGICA DE Streptococcus pneumoniae, Y DETERMINACIÓN DE LA SUSCEPTIBILIDAD A PENICILINA Y ERITROMICINA EN LA CIUDAD DE COCHABAMBA
(2009) Zulema Bustamante García; Fatima Funes Espinoza; Jenny Zamora Balderrama; Adela Panozo; Liz Villarroel; Gabriela Suarez; Rosario Castro; Patricia Rosales
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Strongyloides stercoralis in Haemodialysis in Cochabamba, Bolivia: A Cross-Sectional Study
(Research Square (United States), 2022) Nicolas Tebib; Nathalie Tebib; Mauricio Paredes; Rosario Castro; Stéphanie Baggio; Mario Villarroel Torrico; Amilcar Alejandro Flores Leon; Maya Herbas Zamorano; François Chappuis; Laurent Gétaz
Abstract Background: Strongyloidiasis is an infectious disease that can be fatal in immunocompromised patients. Patients with end-stage renal failure who are on dialysis have a considerably weakened immune system, and kidney transplantation is a major risk factor for severe strongyloidiasis. Knowledge of the local epidemiology in tropical and subtropical areas is an essential prerequisite for designing an appropriate strategy to prevent this potentially lethal complication. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of S. stercoralis infection in patients on dialysis in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among patients undergoing haemodialysis in Cochabamba (elevation 2,500 metres, temperate climate), collecting information on socio-demographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables, and using one coproparasitological technique (the modified Baermann technique) and one serological (ELISA) test. Results: In total, 149 patients participated in the study (mean age = 51.4 years, 48.3% male). End-stage renal disease was predominantly (59%) of hypertensive and/or diabetic origin. The positive serological prevalence was 18.8% (95% CI: 13.3%–25.9%). Based on the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test, the estimate of the true prevalence was 15.1% (95% CI: 9.4%–20.7%). Stool samples of 105 patients (70.5%) showed a coproparasitological prevalence of 1.9% (95% CI: 0.52%–6.68%). No potential risk factors were significantly associated with S. stercoralis infection. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of S. stercoralis in Bolivian patients undergoing haemodialysis in Cochabamba. We recommend presumptive antiparasitic treatment at regular intervals to avoid the potentially fatal complications of severe strongyloidiasis.
Prevalence and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis in haemodialysis in Cochabamba, Bolivia: a cross-sectional study
(BioMed Central, 2023) Nicolas Tebib; Nathalie Tebib; Mauricio Paredes; Rosario Castro; Stéphanie Baggio; Mario Villarroel Torrico; Amilcar Alejandro Flores Leon; Maya Herbas Zamorano; François Chappuis; Laurent Gétaz
Use of a Chagas Urine Nanoparticle Test (Chunap) to Correlate with Parasitemia Levels in T. cruzi/HIV Co-infected Patients
(Public Library of Science, 2016) Yagahira E. Castro-Sesquen; Robert H. Gilman; Carolina Mejía; Daniel E. Clark; Jeong Won Choi; Melissa Reimer-McAtee; Rosario Castro; Edward Valencia Ayala; Jorge Flores; Natalie M. Bowman
Chunap shows potential for early detection of Chagas reactivation. With appropriate adaptation, this diagnostic test can be used to monitor Chagas disease status in T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients.