Browsing by Autor "Sandra Rozo"

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Costos laborales : una aproximación teórica a sus efectos
(CIG Media Group, 2008) Sandra Rozo
This paper analyzes the impact of a reduction in payroll taxes on production and the formal and informal Colombian labor markets. Specifically, two types of scenarios were studied: one in which payroll taxes are reduced keeping everything else constant, and another one, in which this reduction is compensated with higher income taxes such that the government budget constraint remains unchanged. Given that in Colombia there is no available data to conduct an empirical exercise, this document presents a theoretical approach. In particular, it proposes a general equilibrium model for which the endogenous variables are calibrated using the available Colombian data. The results indicate that a reduction in payroll taxes in both scenarios induces higher employment and production levels in the formal sector, and generates the inverse effect in the informal, with a positive effect in the aggregated variables.
Least Protected, Most Affected: Impacts of Migration Regularization Programs on Pandemic Resilience
(American Economic Association, 2023) Maria José Urbina; Sandra Rozo; Andrés Moya; Ana María Ibáñez
How can regularization programs improve forced migrants' resilience to shocks? We leverage panel data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic to assess whether Venezuelan forced migrants who were eligible for a regularization program in Colombia were more resilient and less affected by the pandemic than similar but noneligible forced migrants. Results indicate that access to the program promoted better health access for eligible migrants, facilitating adherence to prevention guidelines and increasing detection rates. Additionally, eligible migrants had better housing and labor conditions, relative to noneligible migrants.
Life Out of the Shadows: the Impacts of Regularization Programs on the Lives of Forced Migrants
(Oxford University Press, 2024) Ana Ibáñez; Andrés Moyá; María Adelaida Ortega; Sandra Rozo; Maria José Urbina
Abstract We examine the well-being effects of a regularization program offered to half a million Venezuelan forced migrants in Colombia. We collected data on more than 2000 such migrants and compared the well-being of those who arrived in Colombia before and after the date that defined program eligibility. Since this date was announced ex-post and was unknown to the public, we could credibly evaluate the program’s impact. We find that program beneficiaries experienced large improvements in well-being, including consumption per capita (a gain of 48%), monthly labor income (an increase of 22%), and health status (an increment of 1.2 standard deviations). These positive outcomes largely stemmed from improved access to services, particularly the social protection system, subsidized healthcare system, and financial services. We also find that the fiscal costs incurred by the Colombian government for a regularized migrant household are lower than those for an irregular migrant household.
On the Effects of Enforcement on Illegal Markets: Evidence from a Quasi-experiment in Colombia
(2015) Daniel Mejía; Pascual Restrepo; Sandra Rozo
This paper studies the effects of enforcement on illegal behavior in the context of a large aerial spraying program designed to curb coca cultivation in Colombia. In 2006, the Colombian government pledged not to spray a 10 km band around the frontier with Ecuador due to diplomatic frictions arising from the possibly negative collateral effects of this policy on the Ecuadorian side of the border. This variation is used to estimate the effect of spraying on coca cultivation by regression discontinuity around the 10 km threshold and by conditional differences in differences. The results suggest that spraying one additional hectare reduces coca cultivation by 0.022 to 0.03 hectares; these effects are too small to make aerial spraying a cost-effective policy for reducing cocaine production in Colombia.