Browsing by Autor "Sandra Zabala"

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Alteraciones temporomandibulares. Revisión de la literatura.
(2016) R Lorena Bustillos; Annia Manoochehri; M. Dolores Lozano Serrano; Sandra Zabala
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) cover a range of clinical problems that compromise the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles or both. They are characterized by a set of signs and symptoms, among which the most relevant is the acute or chronic pain. The objective of this research is to synthesize information related to orofacial pain caused by the presence of temporomandibular disorders, which often go unnoticed for lack of a complete and detail clinical examination that includes the study of ATM leading to disorders in relations labor and social, consequently resulting in a decrease in quality of life. Regarding the etiology of TMD, the literature refers to its multifactorial etiology, where it mentions the role of bio psychosocial factors in the development and maintenance of signs and symptoms present as well as predisposing factors, such as stress, anxiety, degenerative arthritis and parafunctional habits, on which initiating and perpetuating factors act. Regarding the treatment, evidencereflects that it should be aimed in the first instance to painrelief, being possible to apply multimodal therapies implyingpreservation and maintenance of the role of ATM. The TMD to be successfully treated due to its etiology, require multidisciplinary care involving psychologists, neurologists, orthodontists, prosthodontists, oral surgeons and other specialists.
CONTAMINACIÓN DE LECHE MATERNA POR EL PLAGUICIDA ORGANOFOSFORADO CLORPIRIFOS DE MADRES RESIDENTES EN TRES POBLACIONES AGRÍCOLAS DEL ESTADO MÉRIDA, VENEZUELA.
(2019) Jorge Uzcátegui; Dariana Erazo; Alí Sulbarán; Johanna E. Peña; Sandra Zabala; Reinaldo Zambrano; Freddy Ampueda; Fernando Millán
This study determined the concentration of organophosphorus chlorpyrifos in breast milk samples of mothers residing in three rural towns of Merida State, Venezuela, by gas chromatography with electronic capture detector. Chlorpyrifos is a white solid insecticide with a strong, crystalline appearance. It is widely used in housing and agriculture. The chlorpyrifos, is used to control ticks in cattle and in form of spray for the control of harvest pests. Experimentally, an analytical methodology was used to determine chlorpyrifos in breast milk by solid phase extraction. C-18 cartridges were used for the retention of the pesticide and elution was achieved with n-hexane and dichloromethane. Subsequently the cleaning of the extract was carried out in columns of silica acidified with sulfuric acid. The percentages of recovery of the applied extraction method oscillate between 70 and 72%. A total of 60 breast milk samples were analyzed, from 15 mothers who had between 3 and 8 weeks postpartum, who were followed continuously for four weeks. The lipid percentages of the analyzed milk samples are between 0.4% and 7%. Chlorpyrifos is present in 88% of the analyzed breast milk samples and the concentration range is between 0.03-1.7mg/Kg of lipids. All the samples where the chlorpyrifos was quantified exceed the Maximun Residue Limit for this pesticide.
Estado periodontal de dientes pilares de pacientes portadores de prótesis parcial removible Revisión tipo exploratoria
(2022) María Bermúdez; Mercelis Torres; Sandra Zabala
La ausencia de dientes trae como consecuencia diversas alteraciones; los pacientes edéntulos pueden ser rehabilitados por medio de diversos planes de tratamiento, dentro de los cuales se encuentra la Prótesis Parcial Removible (PPR). Sin embargo, en la literatura existe controversia sobre las implicaciones periodontales que trae su uso. Se describió el estado periodontal de dientes pilares en pacientes portadores de este tipo de prótesis a través de una revisión tipo exploratoria. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo que comprende un diseño no experimental y transversal. Se seleccionaron estudios clínicos realizados en población humana donde el periodo de observación fuera de al menos 1 año, comprendidos entre el 2001 y 2021. Se seleccionaron 12 estudios en los que participaron 569 individuos portadores de PPR, 11 de estos evaluaron la profundidad al sondaje (PS)en dientes pilares y en 6 se encontró que la PS fue mayor en dientes pilares. En 8 de los 12 estudios que evaluaron el sangrado al sondaje se encontró que fue mayor en dientes pilares, 2 reportaron un mayor porcentaje de sangrado en PPR retenidas por ganchos. Siete de los estudios que evaluaron índice de placa y recesión gingival encontraron que fue mayor en dientes pilares, en 3 de estos la movilidad dental fue mayor en dientes pilares. Los dientes pilares de PPR presentaron peores condiciones periodontales que los dientes no pilares. El mantenimiento periodontal es un factor importante, pero no es el único a tomar en cuenta para preservar la salud periodontal. Los dientes pilares de PPR retenidas por ganchos presentaron mayor cantidad de placa y mayor recesión gingival que aquellos sin ganchos.