Browsing by Autor "Sergio Bobka Calcina"

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    Impacto económico de las medidas de mitigación de las NDC de Bolivia
    (Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, 2022) Luis Gonzales Carrasco; Alfonso Malky Harb; Sergio Bobka Calcina; Juan Carlos Torrico Albino; Marek Antosiewicz; Carla Mendizábal; Sophía Espinoza; Andrés Pica Téllez; Catalina Marinkovic; José Miguel Valdés
    Bolivia es uno de los países más vulnerables al cambio climático por sus condiciones físicas y nivel de desarrollo. Inserto en los esfuerzos mundiales de mitigación de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, el país define medidas a través de las NDCs. En este estudio se estiman los costos y beneficios económicos que estas medidas generan, y se observa que aquéllas enfocadas en los sectores energía y forestal podrían generar un crecimiento adicional del 2.7% en el PIB proyectado al año 2050. Esto representa un valor presente de US$ 15,500 millones adicionales y la generación de empleo neto. El costo de implementación de las medidas representaría el 30% del PIB a valor presente, y su financiamiento dependería de fuentes internas y externas. Finalmente, se proyecta que la postergación de las metas de reducción de deforestación previstas hasta 2030 conllevaría una emisión de más de 830 millones de toneladas adicionales de CO2eq hasta el año 2050, con ganancias marginales en el PIB.
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    INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND UNEXPLAINED GENDER WAGE GAPS: EVIDENCE FOR AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN BOLIVIA
    (2017) Oscar Jorge Molina Tejerina; Sergio Bobka Calcina
    The present investigation has the objective of showing evidence that there would be a reduction on wage differences between men and women in agriculture if they participate in international trade. The methodology that will be used is based on Molina[Mol10], who used Becker [Bec71] as a knowledge base for his study. This methodology consists on showing that wage difference occurs because of a taste for discrimination. This means that companies are willing to pay a higher salary to men just because they want to. But because international trade brings new competence to the markets, local companies need to be more competitive to survive. Therefore they wouldn’t be able to pay higher wages to men; this would reduce the wage difference by gender. Agriculture shows a different behavior from other sectors due to the strong agricultural subsidies governments give, De la Dehesa[Del03]. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition an estimate wage can be found for both men and women in tradable and non-tradable sectors of agriculture. At the same time two components will be found, one of them shows the difference produced by factors that affect the productivity of an individual. The second component shows the difference that cannot be explained, this is where discrimination is shown. Once these results are found they will be compared to find out if they are different in tradable and non-tradable sectors. The results that have been found show consistency with Molina’s study for the year 2002. Agriculture shows a behavioral difference from other economic sectors and different from Becker’s idea. As there is no unexplained wage difference by gender between tradable and non-tradable sectors. The results show that the difference is that these two sectors are the same. Thus international trade doesn’t result in a reduction of inequality in agriculture.