Browsing by Autor "Wanderley Ferreira"

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Caracterización de las unidades ambientales y evaluación de la degradación de la vegetación en la zona petrolera del Carrasco-Cochabamba, Bolivia
(2000) S. Arrazola; Wanderley Ferreira; Magaly Mercado; N. De la Barra
El presente estudio tiene por objetivo determinar las unidades ambientales y evaluar la degradacion de la vegetacion dentro de las unidades en la zona petrolera del Carrasco. Para esto, se utilizo la metodologia integrada de la Geobotanica y Ecologia del paisaje para delimitar las unidades ambientales presentes en el area de estudio, en las cuales se describio la estructura y composicion del bosque asi como las especies bioindicadoras. Asi mismo, a traves de imagenes de satelite y entrevistas con los pobladores, se ha podido observar la degradacion de la cobertura vegetales en un periodo de ocho anos, estableciendo porcentajes de la cobertura de cada uno de los componentes de las diferentes unidades ambientales. Se han caracterizado dos grandes unidades ambientales con sus sub-unidades y variante. Asi mismo, se ha establecido que el bosque primario ha sido degradado en el 34 % de lo que era originalmente en el ano 1990 y que los pastos, cultivos y/o arbustos aumentaron en el area en un 22 % con relacion al ano 1990. Palabras claves: Unidades ambientales, vegetacion, zona petrolera, Carrasco, Cochabamba, Bolivia. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine environmental units and to evaluate the state of vegetation degeneration within these units in the Carrasco region. The integrated methods of Geobotany and Landscape Ecology were used to determine the environmental units present in the area. Within units, the structure and forest composition, as well as the bioindicator species were described. The vegetation degeneration over the past eight years was evaluated through satellite images and surveys among the local population. Two major environmental units with their subunits and variants were determined. It was found that since 1990, 34% of the primary forest has been degraded while, during the same time, areas covered by grasslands, agricultural areas, and shrub lands have increased by 22 %. Key words: Environmental units, vegetation, oil explotation, Carrasco, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
Corredores biológicos para la fauna de mamíferos en la provincia Carrasco (Departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia): un estudio de caso
(2000) Corinne Meyer; Paul A. Van Damme; Wanderley Ferreira
BIOLOGICAL CORRIDORS FOR THE MAMMAL FAUNA IN THE PROVINCE OF CARRASCO (STATE OF COCHABAMBA, BOLIVIA): A CASE-STUDY Desde los anos 80, muchas familias andinas emigraron a la region Amazonica, buscando nuevas tierras sobre todo, mejores condiciones de vida. De la expansion de las areas agropecuarias y la presion demografica resulto una fragmentacion del espacio vital para los mamiferos. Rios y sus franjas de bosque pueden servir de corredores biologicos para los movimientos de la fauna entre las manchas de bosque que resultan de la fragmentacion. Este estudio enfoca en el rio Hondo, situado en la provincia Carrasco, donde se conserva una vegetacion (bosque poco intervenido y bosque secundario) casi a todo lo largo del rio. En este corredor se ha observado las huellas de diez especies de medianos y grandes mamiferos. Sin embargo, este corredor es tambien muy vulnerable. Un analisis multitemporal demostro que entre 1990-1998, habian cambios en la cobertura y el uso de la tierra en la zona y una gran reduccion de areas boscosas (aproximadamente menos un 20%). Se ha identificado un impacto negativo del aumento de campos de cultivo y de infraestructura (como la carretera Cochabamba-Santa Cruz) lo cual reduce de manera considerable el numero de indicios de animales (huellas y excrementos) presentes. Se incluyo una discusion sobre la importancia de corredores biologicos en la region. Palabras clave: corredor biologico, fragmentacion, colonizacion, mamiferos, indicios, Bolivia. ABSTRACT Since 1980's, a high number of Andean families in Bolivia have migrated to the Amazon basin in search for cultivable soil and better living conditions. One of the consequences of the expansion of the agricultural frontier and the demographic pressure has been the increased fragmentation of mammal habitats. However rivers and their riparian vegetation can function as biological corridors for fauna between forests that have been fragmented. This study is focused on the Hondo River in the Carrasco Province, which is characterized by an almost intact riparian vegetation (primary and secondary forest). In this corridor footprints of ten species of mid and large sized mammals were observed. However the corridor is very vulnerable to changes. A multi-temporal analysis showed that between 1990-1998 the vegetation cover and soil use has changed drastically resulting in a 20% reduction of the forest. A negative impact of the increase of agricultural areas and the improved infrastructure (such as the highway Cochabamba-Santa Cruz) on the number of animal signs (foot prints and excrements) was recorded. A discussion on the importance of river corridors in the area is also presented. Key words: Biological corridor habitat fragmentation, colonization mammals, animal signs, Bolivia.
Plant and animal endemism in the eastern Andean slope: challenges to conservation
(BioMed Central, 2012) Jennifer J. Swenson; Bruce E. Young; Stephan Beck; Patrick Comer; Jesús H. Córdova; Jessica Dyson; Dirk Embert; Filomeno Encarnación; Wanderley Ferreira; Irma Franke
We identify for the first time, areas of high endemic species concentrations and high irreplaceability that have only been roughly indicated in the past at the continental scale. We conclude that new complementary protected areas are needed to safeguard these endemics and ecosystems. An expansion in protected areas will be challenged by geographically isolated micro-endemics, varied endemic patterns among taxa, increasing deforestation, resource extraction, and changes in climate. Relying on pre-existing collections, publically accessible datasets and tools, this working framework is exportable to other regions plagued by incomplete conservation data.