Browsing by Autor "Wilfredo Rojas"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7

A Holistic Approach to Enhance the Use of Neglected and Underutilized Species: The Case of Andean Grains in Bolivia and Peru
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2014) S. Padulosi; Karen Amaya; Matthias Jäger; Elisabetta Gotor; Wilfredo Rojas; Roberto O. Valdivia
The IFAD-NUS project, implemented over the course of a decade in two phases, represents the first UN-supported global effort on neglected and underutilized species (NUS). This initiative, deployed and tested a holistic and innovative value chain framework using multi-stakeholder, participatory, inter-disciplinary, pro-poor gender- and nutrition-sensitive approaches. The project has been linking aspects often dealt with separately by R&D, such as genetic diversity, selection, cultivation, harvest, value addition, marketing, and final use, with the goal to contribute to conservation, better incomes, and improved nutrition and strengthened livelihood resilience. The project contributed to the greater conservation of Andean grains and their associated indigenous knowledge, through promoting wider use of their diversity by value chain actors, adoption of best cultivation practices, development of improved varieties, dissemination of high quality seed, and capacity development. Reduced drudgery in harvest and postharvest operations, and increased food safety were achieved through technological innovations. Development of innovative food products and inclusion of Andean grains in school meal programs is projected to have had a positive nutrition outcome for targeted communities. Increased income was recorded for all value chain actors, along with strengthened networking skills and self-reliance in marketing. The holistic approach taken in this study is advocated as an effective strategy to enhance the use of other neglected and underutilized species for conservation and livelihood benefits.
Climate change and crop diversity: farmers’ perceptions and adaptation on the Bolivian Altiplano
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2017) Gennifer Meldrum; Dunja Mijatović; Wilfredo Rojas; Juana M. Flores; Milton Pinto; Grover Marín Mamani; Eleuterio Condori; David Hilaquita; Helga Gruberg; S. Padulosi
<i>Ex Situ</i> Conservation of Quinoa: The Bolivian Experience
(2015) Wilfredo Rojas; Milton Pinto
During the past four decades, germplasm collections maintained ex situ have grown in number and size as a result of the intense worldwide efforts to conserve plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA). This chapter discusses the center of origin and diversity of quinoa, together with the beginnings of the Bolivian germplasm collection. The operations and the management process followed for more than 45 years since the first quinoa accessions were collected, and critical times throughout the collection's existence, are also discussed. The chapter provides a summary of the work of the Promotion and Research on Andean Products (PROINPA) Foundation during the period when it was in charge of genebank management and conservation by delegation of the Bolivian State, until the bank achieved recognition at both national and international levels. Seed genebanks are viable options for ex situ conservation of quinoa germplasm.
Identifying Domesticated and Wild Kañawa (Chenopodium pallidicaule) in the Archeobotanical Record of the Lake Titicaca Basin of the Andes
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2018) Maria C. Bruno; Milton Pinto; Wilfredo Rojas
La diversidad genética de quinua: potenciales usos en el mejoramiento y agroindustria
(2016) Wilfredo Rojas; Amalia Vargas Mena; Milton Pinto Porcel
La quinua es un cultivo estratégico para producir alimentos de calidad, con efectos beneficiosos para la nutrición y la salud. Los objetivos fueron evaluar la diversidad del valor nutritivo y agroindustrial del germoplasma de quinua, seleccionar y obtener variedades con características favorables para el desarrollo de productos agroindustriales en la elaboración de productos como pastas, flanes, budines, instantáneos, expandidos y mezclas con cereales y leguminosas aprovechando el carácter funcional de la quinua. Para evaluar la diversidad se revisó la información de 555 accesiones y para la selección se evaluaron 13 variedades y dos líneas de quinua. Los análisis fueron realizados en los laboratorios LAYSAA y el IIQ – UMSA. Las variables fueron proteína, grasa, fibra, ceniza, carbohidratos, energía calórica, contenido de hierro, almidón, amilosa, amilopectina y diámetro de gránulo. Los resultados de la diversidad genética del germoplasma, indican que la proteína fluctúo de 10,21 a 18,39%, el contenido de grasa de 2,05 a 10,88% y el tamaño de gránulo de almidón de 1 a 28 μ. Por otra parte, las variedades y líneas reportaron un mismo patrón de aminoácidos esenciales, donde la leucina fluctuó de 46,0 a 58,5 y la lisina de 42,0 a 53,3 mg g-1 de proteína; asimismo, del total de ácidos grasos presentes, cinco de ellos en conjunto contienen de 86,60 a 91,84%, tres son insaturados (oleico, linoleico y linolénico) y dos saturados (palmítico y esteárico). El almidón fluctuó entre 39,2 a 61,5%, la amilosa de 10,5 a 21,5% y la amilopectina de 78,5 a 89,5%. Las líneas seleccionadas pueden ser una alternativa para los programas de desnutrición y lactancia materno - infantil.
Multivariate Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Bolivian Quinoa Germplasm
(Taylor & Francis, 2003) Wilfredo Rojas
To determine the genetic diversity of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld.), the crop's morphological traits and agronomic performance were evaluated during 1992–1993 and 1993–1994, using germplasm preserved in Bolivia and IBPGR descriptors as modified by the Fundación PROINPA's Quinoa Project. Three multivariate methods were used to analyze diversity, allowing sets of individuals to be described and grouped, while considering multiple characteristics and their interrelationships. Principal component analysis was used to quantify the contribution of the three components most associated with total variance, and to identify the variables characterizing each of these components. The nonhierarchical procedure (k-means) of cluster analysis was used to group accessions according to genetic diversity. The resulting seven clusters were combined with passport data to provide useful descriptions of the germplasm. Multiple discriminatory analysis complemented the study, deriving, through the step-by-step procedure, six statistically significant (P=0.001) functions. The discriminatory ability of each independent variable was quantified through the index of potency. About 92% of the accessions were readily classified into the seven groups identified by cluster analysis. The Mahalanobis distance (D 2) method was used to show their statistical differences. Even incorrectly classified accessions were identified and reassigned to a more appropriate group.
Variabilidad genética de la colección del germoplasma de cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) de Bolivia
(2016) Milton Pinto Porcel; Wilfredo Rojas
Con el propósito de promover el uso del germoplasma de cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) de Bolivia, se realizó el estudio de su variabilidad genética a partir de datos de caracterización y evaluación de 744 accesiones. El trabajo se desarrolló en el Centro Quipaquipani de la Fundación PROINPA que se sitúa geográficamente a 16°40’26.5’’ latitud Sur, 68°18’5.76’’ longitud Oeste y a una altitud de 3881 msnm. Para determinar patrones naturales de variación genética, el grado de discriminación de las variables analizadas y los grupos de diferente variabilidad genética, se aplicaron dos técnicas univariadas (correlación simple, análisis de frecuencias) y cinco técnicas multivariadas (ACP, ACP no lineal, Correspondencia múltiple, agrupamiento no jerárquico K-medias y discriminante múltiple) sobre 17 variables cuantitativas y siete variables cualitativas. Los resultados indican que existe amplia variabilidad genética en cuanto a ciclo fenológico, tamaño de planta, cobertura foliar, rendimientos e índices de cosecha. Se identificaron variables agromorfológicas que son componentes del rendimiento, que facilitan los procesos de selección y mejoramiento genético. Las accesiones del germoplasma se clasificaron en tres grupos y siete subgrupos. Los subgrupos SG1, SG2 y SG3 con 445 accesiones de tipo Lasta, de ciclo tardío con buenos rendimientos de grano y broza que pueden ser utilizados en la producción de semilla y forraje; los subgrupos SG4 y SG5 con 73 accesiones de cañahua silvestre tipo Pampalasta que por su precocidad, porte bajo y amplia cobertura foliar puede utilizarse como cobertura natural en suelos degradados; y los subgrupos SG6 y SG7 con 226 accesiones de tipo Saihua, de buena altura de planta y estrecha cobertura foliar, que pueden facilitar la cosecha manual o mecanizada en parcelas de producción.