Browsing by Autor "Y Tokura"

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Possibility of early pregnancy detection in alpacas (<scp><i>Vicugna pacos</i></scp>) based on fecal steroid hormone concentrations
(Wiley, 2024) Takeshi Egi; Masaaki Hanada; Y Tokura; Alejandro Bonifacio Flores; Tomás J. Acosta
Early pregnancy detection in alpacas, whose breeding season is limited to the rainy season and has a long gestation period, is important for reproductive management. Conventional detection methods such as ultrasonography cannot be used to detect pregnancy before 30 days after mating. In this study, we examined the feasibility of using fecal steroid hormones as an early detection method in pregnant and non-pregnant alpacas. Fecal and blood samples were collected from pregnant and non-pregnant alpacas after mating. Progesterone (P4) and estradiol 17-β were extracted and quantified from blood and fecal samples. A positive correlation exists between the steroid hormones in serum and feces, indicating that serum steroid hormone concentrations can be estimated from fecal steroid hormones. Within 10 days after mating, both pregnant and non-pregnant alpacas had fecal P4 concentrations greater than 1.0 ng/mg dry matter (DM), but by 15 days after mating, fecal P4 concentrations decreased to the pre-mating concentration in non-pregnant alpacas. From 15 days after mating, non-pregnant alpacas had a low fecal P4 concentration (< 1 ng/mg DM), whereas a high fecal P4 concentration indicated the possibility of pregnancy, suggesting that this test is clinically beneficial as a supportive test for pregnancy detection.
Progesterone and Oestradiol‐17β Levels and Their Associations With Male Acceptance and Pregnancy in Female Alpacas (<scp><i>Vicugna pacos</i></scp>)
(Wiley, 2025) Takeshi Egi; Masaaki Hanada; Arisa Iiduka; Y Tokura; R. Kawabata; Alejandro Bonifacio Flores; Tomás J. Acosta
Alpacas are important livestock animals in the Andean highlands of South America. However, their reproductive efficiency is low under natural conditions. In this study, we analysed the oestradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels in the serum and faecal samples of female alpacas before exposure to males for mating to determine whether E2 and P4 affect male acceptance and pregnancy in alpacas. In Experiment 1, faecal samples were collected from nine female alpacas prior to exposure to males for mating to evaluate the effects of premating faecal hormone levels on mating behaviour. In Experiment 2, four of nine female alpacas, which had not previously accepted mating, were injected intramuscularly with oestradiol benzoate (EB). Mating receptivity after EB administration, serum E2 levels before and after EB administration and pregnancy were then evaluated. In both experiments, P4 and E2 were measured in serum and faecal samples using ELISA kits after extraction with diethyl ether and methanol respectively. In Experiment 1, of 23 contacts with males in the mating test, females accepted males 12 times and rejected them 11 times. The proportion of females rejecting males increased as the premating faecal P4 level increased (p = 0.021) and the proportion of females accepting males increased as the faecal E2 level increased (p = 0.035). In Experiment 2, serum E2 levels were higher 2 h after injection than before EB injection (p < 0.05). Alpacas that refused to mate before injection accepted mating 2 h after EB treatment. All alpacas with faecal E2 levels more than 0.5 ng/mg of dry matter before mating had higher P4 levels a month after mating than those with low E2 levels (p < 0.05) and were pregnant. In conclusion, this study showed that measurement of faecal E2 levels can help in determining the appropriate breeding time and that EB treatment improves reproductive performance in alpacas.