Browsing by Autor "Yuri Vladimir Sandoval"

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    Integrating Forest Cover Change with Census Data: Drivers and Contexts from Bolivia and the Lao PDR
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2015) Sébastien Boillat; Hy Dao; Patrick Bottazzi; Yuri Vladimir Sandoval; Abraham Luna; Sithong Thongmanivong; Louca Lerch; Joan Bastide; Andreas Heinimann; Frédéric Giraut
    The aim of this paper is to explore possible links between forest cover change and characteristics of social-ecological systems at sub-national scale based mainly on census data. We assessed relationships between population density, poverty, ethnicity, accessibility and forest cover change during the last decade for four regions of Bolivia and the Lao PDR, combining a parcel-based with a cell-based approach. We found that accessibility is a key driver of forest cover change, yet it has the effect of intensifying other economic and policy-related underlying drivers, like colonization policies, cash crop demand, but also policies that lead to forest gain in one case. Poverty does not appear as a driver of deforestation, but the co-occurrence of poverty and forest loss driven by external investments appears critical in terms of social-ecological development. Ethnicity was found to be a moderate explanatory of forest cover change, but appears as a cluster of converging socio-economic characteristics related with settlement history and land resource access. The identification of such clusters can help ordering communities into a typology of social-ecological systems, and discussing their possible outcomes in light of a critical view on forest transition theory, as well as the relevance and predictive power of the variables assessed. Résumé: L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer les liens entre le changement de la couverture forestière et les caractéristiques des systèmes socio-écologiques à l’échelle nationale, principalement à l’aide de données de recensement. Nous avons évalué les relations entre la densité de population, la pauvreté, l’ethnicité, l’accessibilité et le changement de la couverture forestière pendant la dernière décennie pour quatre régions de Bolivie et du Laos, en combinant des approches par parcelles et par cellules. Nous avons constaté que l’accessibilité est un facteur clé du changement de la couverture forestière, tandis qu’elle a pour effet d'intensifier d'autres facteurs économiques et politiques sous-jacents, comme les politiques de colonisation, la demande de cultures de rente, mais aussi, dans un cas, des politiques conduisant à un accroissement de la forêt. La pauvreté n’apparait pas comme un facteur de déforestation, mais la co-occurrence de la pauvreté et de la perte de forêt entrainée par les investissements extérieurs semble critique en termes de développement socio-écologique. L'ethnicité se révèle être modérément explicative du changement de la couverture forestière, mais elle apparait comme un ensemble de caractéristiques socio-économiques convergentes liées à l'histoire de l’implantation humaine et à l'accès aux ressources foncières. L'identification de tels ensembles peut aider à classer les communautés selon une typologie des systèmes socio-écologiques, et à discuter leurs possibles impacts sur la forêt avec un point de vue critique sur la théorie de la transition forestière, ainsi que la pertinence et la puissance prédictive des variables évaluées.
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    IXIAMAS, ENTRE CONSERVACIÓN Y MODELOS DE DESARROLLO MUNICIPAL
    (2020) Yuri Vladimir Sandoval
    The project's goal is to analyze various development alternatives that are carried out in the communities of the Ixiamas municipality, considering aspects of climate change, resilience, and natural resources, to contribute to sustainable territorial management within the framework of the Bolivian Amazon. The intention of the project is to help minimize the territorial impact of highly extractivist activities in one of the few Amazonian municipalities in the department of La Paz, which are highly fragile to the effects of climate change not only due to local activities but also to the environment, and that also from the local government actions are being developed to try to conserve ecosystems from local, regional and national protected areas. It is about generating from these levels, in coordination with local social and institutional actors, governance processes that support a process of sustainable territorial management in Amazonian contexts. Among the main actions proposed, three were carried out, the first related to the biophysical and climate change analysis in the municipality, identifying potential scenarios of future impact based on potential risk of floods / droughts and forest fires and their relationship with possibly affected communities. To develop resilience activities based on the results of the application of the second phase, which consisted of the identification of extractive and / or productive activities and their relationship with the natural resources existing in the environment identified in the scope of local protected areas and national. The third phase corresponds to the analysis of the different economic activities carried out by the different local actors, identifying sustainability aspects regarding the management of natural resources, related to the change in land use with respect to the expansion of the agricultural frontier for agricultural and livestock activities , urbanization, etc