Browsing by Tema "Acidosis"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Acid-Base and Electrolyte Abnormalities during Renal Support for Acute Kidney Injury: Recognition and Management
(Karger Publishers, 2012) Rolando Claure‐Del Granado; Josée Bouchard
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with electrolyte and acid-base disturbances such as hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. The initiation of dialysis in AKI can efficiently treat these complications. The choice of dialysis modality can be made based on their operational characteristics to tailor the therapy according to the clinical scenario. Each dialysis modality can also trigger significant electrolyte and acid-base disorders, such as hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia and metabolic alkalosis, which may direct changes in fluid delivery and composition. Continuous techniques may be particularly useful in these situations as they allow more time for correction and to maintain balance. This review provides an overview of the electrolyte and acid-base disturbances occurring in AKI and after the initiation of dialysis and discusses therapeutic options in this setting.
Acidosis tubular renal distal, a propósito de un caso
(2013) Claudia Gorena Montalvo; Eduardo Aliaga Valenzuela; Francisco León Arze; Elizabeth Flores Ortega; Valeria Urizar Parada; Claudia Saucedo Barba
Chapter 9. Acid–Base Balance and Buffer Systems
(2025) Adalid Rimer Condo-Gutierrez; Marco Antonio Toro Ledezma
Objetivos: Describir las caractersticas fisiolgicas del equilibrio acido-base Enumerar los sistemas amortiguadores de trastornos acido-base INTRODUCCIN La historia y la fisiologa del equilibrio cido-baseEl conocimiento sobre el equilibrio cido-base es fundamental en la medicina.El anestesista Bjorn Ibsen y el qumico Poul Astrup revolucionaron la medicina al usar un electrodo de pH recin inventado para demostrar que los pacientes moran por acidemia (un pH sanguneo bajo) debido a una ventilacin deficiente, no por una alcalosis como se crea.Este descubrimiento llev a la creacin de la medicina intensiva moderna, donde el anlisis de gases en sangre se convirti en una herramienta vital.Hoy, la evaluacin del equilibrio cido-base sigue siendo crucial, especialmente en pacientes crticos.Por ejemplo, la medicin del lactato es esencial en el diagnstico de la sepsis. Qu son la acidosis y la alcalosis?El pH normal de la sangre se mantiene en un rango estrecho de 7,35 a 7,45. La acidosis se define como un pH inferior a 7,35. La alcalosis es un pH superior a 7,45.
Investigating Eremophila glabra as a bioactive agent for preventing lactic acidosis in sheep
(CSIRO Publishing, 2010) P. Hutton; Z. Durmic; Philip E. Vercoe
The Australian native plant Eremophila glabra was tested as a potential agent for preventing lactic acidosis in sheep after it was observed to be effective against acidosis in vitro. Ruminally fistulated wethers were infused via rumen cannula with single doses of kibbled wheat (14 g/kg bodyweight) and either virginiamycin (Eskalin500; AB, 80 mg/kg of wheat plus 100 g milled oaten hay/kg of wheat, n = 6), E. glabra (EG, 100 g freeze-dried and milled leaf material per kg of wheat, n = 10) or milled oaten hay (Control, 100 g milled oaten hay/kg of wheat, n = 16). Rumen samples were collected immediately before infusion and then 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24 h after the infusion. The samples were analysed for pH, D-lactate, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and osmolality. Rumen pH and D-lactate values indicative of acidosis were detected in the Control and EG groups. The pH nadir of the rumen was 12 h after the wheat infusion, at which time the values in the EG (pH = 4.87) and Control (pH = 5.09) groups were lower (P &lt; 0.05) than in the AB group (pH = 5.63) and the D-lactate concentrations were higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the EG and Control groups (24 mmol/L and 15 mmol/L, respectively) than in the AB group (0.9 mmol/L). At the same time, total VFA concentration was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the AB group (102 mmol/L) than in the Control (65 mmol/L) and the EG (14 mmol/L) groups. Rumen osmolality did not differ between groups. Virginiamycin was effective at preventing lactic acidosis. However, the inclusion of dried leaves from E. glabra at a similar level that was effective in vitro did not prevent lactic acidosis in vivo, and the reasons behind this remain unclear. The study demonstrates the difficulty in converting in vitro results to in vivo and highlights the need to test the plant at higher doses in vivo.