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Browsing by Tema "Alcohol"

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    Accidentes de tránsito y el consumo de alcohol en una unidad de urgencia de La Paz, Bolivia
    (University of São Paulo, 2010) Inês Magali Pelaez Mariscal; Edilaine Cristina da Silva
    The aim of this quantitative, descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was to characterize the distribution and characteristics of motor vehicle accidents related to alcohol consumption. The sample was composed of 62 drivers and pedestrians, over 15 years old, who were involved in motor vehicle accidents involving alcohol, and were attended at the Emergency Unit of the Clinical Hospital of La Paz - Bolivia. A survey designed by the researchers to collect partner-demographic data and morbidity of the victim was applied and data that evaluated the alcohol consumption of the driver responsible for the accident was collected. The results demonstrated that 71% of the victims were men; 32.3% were between 21 and 30 years old; 29% were students and 25.8% were the drivers. This study shows the characterization of victims, alcohol consumption and accidents.
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    Autoestima y consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios de una universidad privada de Lima Este
    (Vive Rev. Salud, 2025) Juscamaita Caycho, Duamet del Pilar; Torres Arellano, Keren Jemima; Arteta Sandoval, Gissel
    La investigación suscitó como propósito determinar la relación entre autoestima y consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios de 18 - 25 años de una universidad privada de Lima Este. Se contextualiza en un margen cuantitativo, correlacional y no experimental, contando como técnica de acopio de datos a la encuesta. Se integró a 334 Individuos en edad juvenil que asisten a una institución de educación superior de 18 - 25 años, a los cuales se les suministró dos cuestionarios que corresponden a la Escala de autoestima de Rosenberg y el Cuestionario de AUDIT para valorar la autoestima y el consumo de alcohol. Los descubrimientos demostraron que la mayoría de jóvenes manifiesta una autoestima regular en un 82% y un consumo de alcohol de grado regular en un 79.3%. Se encontró una correlación negativa y significativa entre la autoestima y el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios de 18 a 25 años de una universidad privada de Lima Este (rho de Spearman = -0.771, p < .05). Este resultado indica que a medida que aumenta el consumo de alcohol, disminuye la autoestima de los jóvenes, sugiriendo una relación moderada entre ambas variables.
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    Conducta resiliente y abuso de alcohol en estudiantes de Psicología de la UMSA
    (Revista de Psicologia, 2018) Sánchez Lima, Claudia Noelia
    El presente es un estudio correlacional cuantitativo de diseño transversal, en el que se pretende identificar el tipo de relación que existe entre la Resiliencia y el Abuso de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios, con una muestra de 224 estudiantes de la carrera de psicología de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. La evaluación de la Resiliencia se realizó con el cuestionario Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale y el Abuso de alcohol con el test (AUDIT). Los resultados del estudio permiten afirmar que existe una relación de tipo negativa con un nivel moderado de relación entre ambas variables, es decir, mientras más desarrollada se encuentra la conducta resiliente, menos consumo y abuso de alcohol presentan los estudiantes. A su vez se identificó que los estudiantes muestran niveles de resiliencia por encima del rango medio, es decir un gran porcentaje de ellos ha desarrollado la capacidad para reponerse o salir fortalecidos luego de atravesar por situaciones adversas, y que la mayor parte de los estudiantes encuestados no tienen un consumo riesgoso o perjudicial en su conducta de consumo de alcohol.
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    Consumo de Alcohol durante el Embarazo: Múltiples Efectos Negativos en el Feto
    (2009) Jorge Soliz; Orlando Vladimir Vidal Lia; José Marcos Fuentes Moya; Edgar Torres López
    The effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol can be identified virtually the entire body, producing among other things: serious neurological abnormalities and growth, cognitive and academic deficits, psychological disorders, behavioral problems and difficulties for independent living, in addition to increasing the risk of miscarriage, premature birth and stillbirth. The term fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is assigned to a wide range of clinical presentations in the fetus are caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome is the most serious of these presentations, and a condition that is both mentally and physically disabled for life because even though the research on treatments currently no cure. Finally it is important to know that all the defects caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol is totally preventable.
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    Criminis: Características de los delitos cometidos bajo la influencia del alcohol en reclusos de la carcel de San Pedro (sección El Palmar)
    (Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas, 2005) Atahuichi Carpio, Roxana
    Esta obra es una producción estudiantil de la cátedra de Criminología sobre un tema específico en este caso sobre el consumo de alcohol en la cárcel de San Pedro en la sección el Palmar, donde se conceptos sobre el consumo del alcohol, y las consecuencias de éstas en el ser humano y en la sociedad, por otra parte se analiza la legislación vigente sobre el tema.
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    Estado nutricional y de salud general relacionado con el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes de Cuautepec
    (2023) Arturo Jaime Mendonza Ramírez; N. Martínez-Osorio; R. Padilla-Mendoza; Ma. Guadalupe de Dios-Bravo; Israel López-Reyes
    La presente investigación está relacionada con el consumo de alcohol y el estado nutricional de jóvenes del barrio de Cuautepec. El objetivo general fue relacionar el estado nutricional y de salud general con el consumo de alcohol de estos mismos jóvenes. Así entonces, se convocó a la población juvenil de 17 a 35 años. Primeramente, se ubicaron 3 subpoblaciones de estudio de acuerdo con el consumo de dicha sustancia y las categorías identificadas fueron “nulo”, “consumo de alcohol a baja escala” y “consumo perjudicial de alcohol y riesgo de adicción o alto consumo”. Posteriormente, a cada subpoblación de estudio se le realizaron: Dos “Test”, el primero fue de Frecuencia de Consumo de Alimentos (FCA) y el segundo Identificación de Trastornos Debido al Consumo de Alcohol (AUDIT); también, se tomó una muestra sanguínea a cada participante para realizar el análisis de una química sanguínea de 6 elementos (colesterol, triglicéridos, ácido úrico, HDL, LDL y glucosa). Además, se tomaron medidas antropométricas, de bioimpedancia y presión arterial. Se utilizó el estadístico SPSS para realizar un análisis de correlación entre los tipos de consumo de alcohol y las variables antes mencionadas, para determinar de qué manera el tipo de consumo de alcohol estaba afectado tanto el estado nutricional como el de salud de los participantes. Los resultados mostraron que 1/3 de los consumidores de alcohol presentan hábitos de alimentación poco saludables al no alcanzar el número de comidas mínimo requerido para un óptimo funcionamiento orgánico; así también, estos mismos participantes presentan el peso y los Kg de grasa corporal más elevados. En conclusión, se puede decir que tanto el estado de salud como el nutricional de los jóvenes participantes, se vio mayormente afectado por el consumo de alcohol en las subpoblaciones de consumidores.
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    Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
    (2024) Vitoria Larocca Pacheco; P.A. Márquez Aguilar; Ana María Arias; Ruth Ávila Herbas; Virginia Ramos Chuquimia; Nicole Caldichoury; Juan Carlos Sandoval Coronado; Marcos Constantino Josué Gargiulo; Mercedes María Lucrecia Gargiulo; Augusto Pascual Ítalo Gargiulo
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    Identification of optimal therapeutic window for steroid use in severe alcohol-associated hepatitis: A worldwide study
    (Elsevier BV, 2021) Juan Pablo Arab; Luis Antonio Díaz; Natalia Baeza; Francisco Idalsoaga; Eduardo Fuentes–López; Jorge Arnold; Carolina Ramírez; Dalia Morales‐Arráez; Meritxell Ventura‐Cots; Edilmar Alvarado‐Tápias
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    Influencia del tipo de alcohol sobre la formación de nanoemulsiones de aceite de soja-en-agua
    (2009) Ana María Forgiarini de Guédez; Gianna Pietrangeli; María Antonieta Arandia; Víctor Manuel Guédez Torcates; María Teresa Celis de Arce
    Emulsions are mixtures of two immiscible liquids, one of them dispersed as droplets in the other. When the droplet size is in the range of 20 to 500 nm it is often a called nano-, mini- or submicron emulsion. Different methods have been proposed to prepare nano-emulsions, among them the transitional inversion (at fixed composition) so-called phase inversion temperature (PIT) method, commonly used in systems formulated with nonionic ethoxylated surfactants. In general, and in particular with other types of surfactants, the transitional inversion can be carried out by changing any other formulation like the salinity of the aqueous phase, the surfactant or surfactant mixture hydrophilicity or the co-surfactant effect (alcohol effect). The aim of this report was to obtain soybean oil-in-water nanoemulsions with a nonionic surfactant/soybean oil/water system through a low energy emulsification method. Emulsification was carried out by dilution, i.e., by a water-to-oil ratio change at constant temperature. The nanoemulsion drop size and stability are related to the alcohol type and the existence of a liquid crystalline phase during the emulsification process
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    Is Commercial Alcohol Availability Related to Adolescent Alcohol Sources and Alcohol Use? Findings from a Multi-Level Study
    (Elsevier BV, 2007) Mallie J. Paschall; Joel W. Grube; Carol M. Black; Christopher L. Ringwalt
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    Isopropyl Alcohol and Methylene Chloride as Alternatives for pre‐plastination Dehydration and Defatting processes
    (Wiley, 2020) Juan Sebastián López-McCormick; Juan Daniel Pedraza; Roberto Javier Rueda‐Esteban
    Plastination as a technique creates durable, long lasting, realistic specimens with a high value in anatomy teaching and research. While the original protocol using Acetone has shown great results, the use of this substance is restricted in some countries due to socioeconomical or governmental limitations. The aim of this work is to develop a protocol in which acetone has been replaced as a dehydration and defatting medium. Three groups of specimens were procured. Each of them had a sample of abdominal organs with varying fragility (kidney‐liver‐small intestine), skeletal muscle and brain tissue. Group 1 and 2 (G1–G2) were previously fixated with formaldehyde 4%, while group 3 (G3) was preserved in a glycerin‐based formaldehyde free solution. A conventional plastination technique was carried out including fixation, dehydration, defatting, forced impregnation and curing. All groups were fixated with formaldehyde 10%, although G3 required cleansing with a 50% ethylic alcohol (EA) solution to remove the glycerin. G1 was dehydrated and defatted with EA. G2 &amp; G3 were dehydrated with isopropyl alcohol (IA), and defatted with methylene chloride (MC). All groups were impregnated in low temperatures with 1% S3–S10 Biodur silicone‐cross linker mixture. Finally, curing was divided in two steps, passive curing for 6 months and S6 cross linking. The specimens were analyzed based on tissue retraction, color degradation, morphological alterations and final specimen pliability. G1 showed maximum tissue shrinkage, morphological alteration and color degradation acquiring a brownish tone. G2 &amp; G3 suffered less tissue retraction, color degradation was minimal, morphological alteration was not observed. Specimen pliability remained the same across the three groups, specific tissues such as skeletal muscle, blood vessels and intestine were more pliable. Lesser tissue retraction and increased color preservation were obtained with the use of IA and MC for dehydration and defatting, compared with exclusive use of EA for both steps. Specimens previously preserved with glycerin‐based formaldehyde free solutions where successfully plastinated with this technique. While this study serves as a proof of concept that IA and MC are viable substitutes for Acetone in the dehydration and defatting steps, the lack of objective measurements and a control group with acetone are strong limitations of this study. Future studies with a higher number of standardized specimens and controls are needed to determine the impact of the proposed replacement in the plastination protocol.
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    La desinformación, una vulnerabilidad transversal y latente. V. 2
    (Universidad Católica Boliviana "San Pablo"- IUC VLIR-UOS., 2021) Guardia Crespo, Marcelo
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    Materiales compuestos de almidón/alcohol polivinílico para la liberación controlada de urea
    (2019) Sergio Espinoza Orellana; Jorge Rojas Beltrán
    El nitrógeno es uno de los elementos más importantes para el crecimiento de los cultivos. Su aplicación actual, usualmente como urea, implica rendimientos bajos, con más del 50% del fertilizante desaprovechado por el cultivo de interés. Varias estrategias se han desarrollado para mejorar esta eficiencia de uso, siendo los fertilizantes de liberación controlada una alternativa prometedora. En este sentido, el presente trabajo propuso el desarrollo de películas compuestas de almidón de yuca/alcohol polivinílico (PVA) incorporadas con urea como un medio para lograr su liberación controlada. De esta forma, se planteó inicialmente un diseño factorial de filtrado para determinar los factores más significativos que afectan en la capacidad de absorción de agua de las películas compuestas (variable de respuesta); los cuales fueron analizados mediante un diseño factorial 23 con tres puntos centrales. Las películas preparadas con mayores proporciones de ácido cítrico (plastificante) resultaron en una menor capacidad de absorción de agua independientemente de la cantidad de urea utilizada. La cantidad de glicerol, alcohol polivinílico y almidón no ejercieron un efecto significativo en las condiciones empleadas. Se buscaron las condiciones que dieron lugar a la menor capacidad de absorción de agua dado que se relaciona con una liberación más lenta de la urea incorporada. Una liberación más lenta de la urea podría estar en mejor sincronía con la demanda de nitrógeno del cultivo, mejorando el uso de eficiencia del mismo.
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    MELD 3.0 adequately predicts mortality and renal replacement therapy requirements in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis
    (Elsevier BV, 2023) Luis Antonio Díaz; Eduardo Fuentes–López; Gustavo Ayares; Francisco Idalsoaga; Jorge Arnold; María Ayala-Valverde; Diego Pérez; Jaime Gómez; Rodrigo Escarate; Alejandro Villalón
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    Polarizable Continuum Studies on Methyl and Ethyl Substituted 2,4-Pentanedione
    (Springer Science+Business Media, 2010) V. Sathyanaranyamoorthi; S. Brindha; V. Kannappan
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    Properties Of Amphiphile/Oil/Water Systems At An Optimum Formulation For Phase Behavior
    (1978) Maurice Bourrel; Andrew M. Lipow; W. H. Wade; Robert Schechter; Jean‐Louis Salager
    Abstract The oil recovery effectiveness of a chemical flood has been shown to be related to the phase behavior of the brine-oil-surfactant system. In particular, it is advantageous to formulate the system particular, it is advantageous to formulate the system so that middle phases are formed. There are, however, an infinite number of surfactant cosurfactant (alcohol) combinations which will give the desired phase behavior. The selection of the preferred system out of this infinity of possible systems is an optimization problem and is the subject of this paper. problem and is the subject of this paper. An extensive study of the interfacial tension of dodecyl ortho xylene sulfonate sodium salt, as a function of salinity, alcohol and hydrocarbon molecular weight has been conducted. The results reveal that certain formulations may be preferred since the interfacial tension of some systems at optimum conditions is smaller than others. Indeed, conditions giving a global interfacial tension minimum were found. It is also known that for enhanced oil recovery, it is desirable to maintain miscibility between the chemical slug and the reservoir fluids as long as possible. This means that the height of the possible. This means that the height of the multiphase region should be minimized. This study show that the height can be minimized by a proper formulation. Introduction A correlation relating the variables deft optimum systems for improved oil recovery has be reported. This equation gives the optimum salinity, S*, as a function of the alkane carbon number of the oil, ACN, the alcohol and a parameter, sigma, which is characteristic of the surfactant as follows: (1) where K is a constant equal to 0.16 for all alkylaryl sulfonates and f(A) is a function of alcohol type and concentration known for alcohols heavier than C5. The dots indicate that other variables, such as the water-oil ratio (WOR) and the temperature, have been omitted since they are not considered in this work. Equation 1 applies if WOR = 4 and T = 25 degrees C. The ratio sigma/K has been called the EPACNUS and is the extrapolated preferred alkane carbon number at unit salinity and preferred alkane carbon number at unit salinity and without alcohol, since f(A) is defined so that it vanishes as the alcohol concentration goes to zero. Equation 1 represents a plane in the space in S,ACN and f(A) as shown in Figure 1, and any point on this plane is an optimum system in the following sense. For a given oil and surfactant system, a middle phase will be observed over a range of salinities and the midpoint of this salinity range will be called the optimum salinity. Furthermore, the surfactant system is said to be an optimum one. This implies that a series of experiments in which a property important to improved oil recovery, such property important to improved oil recovery, such as interfacial tension or amount of surfactant needed to solubilize certain volumes of water and oil, will yield a minimum value of the property when a point on the plane is reached. Thus, a series of interfacial tension measurements will reveal a minimum value at the point where line 4 shown in Figure 1 pierces the plane. (Perhaps, it would be more pierces the plane. (Perhaps, it would be more precise to assert that the minimum will occur in the precise to assert that the minimum will occur in the vicinity of the plane rather than on it. This point is further clarified in a subsequent section.) If the experiment is repeated at a different salinity or alcohol concentration or both, then the minima of the properties in question will be found at the new point at which a vector parallel to line 4 intersects the plane. If the values of the minima are different at the two points, then one point on the plane may be preferred to the other with regard to plane may be preferred to the other with regard to efficiency of oil recovery. Thus, it is appropriate to ask if all points on the optimum plane are equivalent with regard to oil recovery. This is the question addressed in this paper.
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    Relación de la Actividad Deportiva, el Estrés, la Depresión, la importancia a la Salud y el uso de Alcohol en los Adolescentes Bolivianos
    (Revista de Psicologia, 2012) Gómez, Nubia; Daher, Shadia; Vacirca, Fernanda; Ciairano, Silvia
    El presente estudio investigó la relación entre actividad física y el consumo de alcohol (cerveza, vino, licor) en una muestra de la juventud en Bolivia. También hemos investigado la asociación entre actividad física y determinados factores de riesgo para la salud tales como la percepción del estrés, la depresión y la salud. Este estudio fue realizado entre 496 estudiantes de secundaria de La Paz, Bolivia. Se utilizó el cuestionario la conducta saludable para medir determinadas variables de estudio. Los resultados muestran que las diferencias de género están presentes entre los adolescentes en La Paz. Este resultado nos permite establecer que la actividad física es un factor protector para las conductas de riesgo, en particular para las mujeres jóvenes
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    Relación entre el uso de alcohol y condiciones académicas en el adolescente, comparación entre Bolivia, Italia y los Países Bajos
    (Revista de Psicologia, 2012) Gómez, Nubia; Ortega, Enrique; Ciairano, Silvia
    El presente estudio es una comparación entre Bolivia, Italia y los Países Bajos, en torno al consumo de alcohol en los adolescentes y como este comportamiento de riesgo está relacionado a otros factores como las condiciones académicas. Los cuales a su vez pueden ser factores de protección bastante importantes para la prevención de esta y otras conductas de riesgo. Sin embargo en determinadas situaciones puede convertirse en factores de riesgo porque incrementan la vulnerabilidad de los adolescentes en torno a los comportamientos de riesgo. La variable condiciones académicas fue medida desde sus diferentes dimensiones: rendimiento académico, control de los padres en relación a las tareas escolares, entre otras. Las cuales mostraron diferencias importantes entre estos tres países.
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    Risk factors for adolescent alcohol and substance use in low income settings
    (Elsevier BV, 2012) Guillermo Rivera Arroyo
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    Solubilization of polar oils in microemulsion systems
    (2007) M. Miñana Pérez; Jean‐Louis Salager; M. Miñana‐Pérez; Alain Graciaa; J. Lachaise
    A new type of amphiphile that contains both conventional surfactant and lipophilic linker features in a single molecule was designed and tested. In these so-called extended surfactants, a polypropylene oxide chain of variable length is inserted in between the conventional polar and apolar groups. With this type of surfactant, it was possible to produce for the first time a middle phase microemulsion in alcohol-free systems with long chain (C10–C18) synthetic and natural triglyceride oils. High molecular weight hydrocarbons were solubilized as well. The reported solubilization at optimum is found to depend upon both the propylene oxide chain length and the oil structure. The solubilization parameter of polar oils is found to attain quite remarkable values, in the range of several milliliters of oil per gram of extended surfactant, an interesting feature as far as the applications are concerned.
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