Browsing by Tema "Archaeology"

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3,500 years BP: The last survival of the mammal megafauna in the Americas
(Elsevier BV, 2025) Fábio Henrique Cortes Faria; Ismar de Souza Carvalho; Hermínio Ismael de Araújo‐Júnior; Celso Lira Ximenes; Edna Maria Facincani
40Ar/39Ar chronostratigraphy of Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex ignimbrites reveals the development of a major magmatic province
(Geological Society of America, 2010) Morgan J. Salisbury; Brian R. Jicha; Shanaka L. de Silva; Brad S. Singer; Néstor Jiménez; Michael H. Ort
Research Article| May 01, 2011 40Ar/39Ar chronostratigraphy of Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex ignimbrites reveals the development of a major magmatic province Morgan J. Salisbury; Morgan J. Salisbury † 1Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA †E-mail: salisbum@geo.oregonstate.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Brian R. Jicha; Brian R. Jicha 2Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Shanaka L. de Silva; Shanaka L. de Silva 1Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Brad S. Singer; Brad S. Singer 2Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Néstor C. Jiménez; Néstor C. Jiménez 3Instituto de Investigaciones Geológicas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Michael H. Ort Michael H. Ort 4School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (2011) 123 (5-6): 821–840. https://doi.org/10.1130/B30280.1 Article history received: 22 Feb 2010 rev-recd: 22 Jun 2010 accepted: 19 Jul 2010 first online: 08 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Morgan J. Salisbury, Brian R. Jicha, Shanaka L. de Silva, Brad S. Singer, Néstor C. Jiménez, Michael H. Ort; 40Ar/39Ar chronostratigraphy of Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex ignimbrites reveals the development of a major magmatic province. GSA Bulletin 2011;; 123 (5-6): 821–840. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B30280.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract The Lípez region of southwest Bolivia is the locus of a major Neogene ignimbrite flare-up, and yet it is the least studied portion of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex of the Central Andes. Recent mapping and laser-fusion 40Ar/39Ar dating of sanidine and biotite from 56 locations, coupled with paleomagnetic data, refine the timing and volumes of ignimbrite emplacement in Bolivia and northern Chile to reveal that monotonous intermediate volcanism was prodigious and episodic throughout the complex. The new results unravel the eruptive history of the Pastos Grandes and Guacha calderas, two large multicyclic caldera complexes located in Bolivia. These two calderas, together with the Vilama and La Pacana caldera complexes and smaller ignimbrite shields, were the dominant sources of the ignimbrite-producing eruptions during the ∼10 m.y. history of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex. The oldest ignimbrites erupted between 11 and 10 Ma represent relatively small volumes (approximately hundreds of km3) of magma from sources distributed throughout the volcanic complex. The first major pulse was manifest at 8.41 Ma and 8.33 Ma as the Vilama and Sifon ignimbrites, respectively. During pulse 1, at least 2400 km3 of dacitic magma was erupted over 0.08 m.y. Pulse 2 involved near-coincident eruptions from three of the major calderas resulting in the 5.60 Ma Pujsa, 5.65 Ma Guacha, and 5.45 Ma Chuhuilla ignimbrites, for a total minimum volume of 3000 km3 of magma. Pulse 3, the largest, produced at least 3100 km3 of magma during a 0.1 m.y. period centered at 4 Ma, with the eruption of the 4.09 Ma Puripicar, 4.00 Ma Chaxas, and 3.96 Ma Atana ignimbrites. This third pulse was followed by two more volcanic explosivity index (VEI) 8 eruptions, producing the 3.49 Ma Tara (800 km3 dense rock equivalent [DRE]) and 2.89 Ma Pastos Grandes (1500 km3 DRE) ignimbrites. In addition to these large caldera-related eruptions, new age determinations refine the timing of two little-known ignimbrite shields, the 5.23 Ma Alota and 1.98 Ma Laguna Colorada centers. Moreover, 40Ar/39Ar age determinations of 13 ignimbrites from northern Chile previously dated by the K-Ar method improve the overall temporal resolution of Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex development. Together with the updated volume estimates, the new age determinations demonstrate a distinct onset of Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex ignimbrite volcanism with modest output rates, an episodic middle phase with the highest eruption rates, followed by a decline in volcanic output. The cyclic nature of individual caldera complexes and the spatiotemporal pattern of the volcanic field as a whole are consistent with both incremental construction of plutons as well as a composite Cordilleran batholith. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
A Case of Identity: The Artefacts of the 1770 Kamay (Botany Bay) Encounter
(Routledge, 2018) Nicholas Thomas
Collections of Indigenous artefacts made during the voyages of Captain James Cook have been extensively researched, but significant issues around the provenance and identification of artefacts remain complex and unresolved. This article considers the case of a shield in the British Museum, said for fifty years to have been appropriated by Cook at the time of first contacts with Gweagal in April 1770, and other artefacts associated with the same encounters.
A CASE STUDY OF THE CONSERVATION OF THE POLYCHROMED WOODEN CHOIRLOFT OF THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY CHURCH AT CARABUCO, BOLIVIA
(Taylor & Francis, 1992) C. de la Rúa; Antón Rajer
The restoration of the seventeenth-century adobe church at Carabuco, Bolivia, offers a model of how to conduct the preservation of the Latin American cultural heritage at remote sites. This paper details the conservation of the church’s polychromed wooden choirloft, which had previously been restored in 1765-66 after this and other portions of the church collapsed. The choirloft is made oflocally grown eucalyptus wood painted all over with a tempera-based medium. It was executed by a local artist whose style draws on local folk-art traditions while reinterpreting European Renaissance decorative schemes. The choirloft conservation project had two goals: to guarantee its structural integrity and to stabilize the decorative paint layers. These goals were accomplished in a four-month conservation project which formed part of a larger effort to restore the church.
A Comparison of War Iconography in the Archaeological Textiles of Paracas-Topará (in Southern Peru) and in the Weavings of Ayllu Qaqachaka (Bolivia) Today
(Berg Publishers, 2009) Denise Y. Arnold; Elvira Espejo Ayca
Drawing on some observations by Anne Paul concerning the iconography of textile borders in cloth from archaeological sites in Paracas-Topará (southern Peru), and her suggestion that these acted as “markers of the sacred,” we examine some ethnographic contexts in highland Bolivia that also concern borders: the final moment of the wayñu dance each year, and the finishing of textile and field borders. In each case, we propose that the object is to control certain spirits believed to dwell within these borders, so that they finish their creative task there. Finally, we examine the relation between the so-called “war of the ayllus” in Bolivia (in 2000), which produced dramatic changes in regional aesthetics, and textile structures postwar, in which images from textile borders came to occupy the central space of woven cloth. We explain these changes through a theory concerning the war dynamics that occur between the borders and centers of modern territories in conflict, and the way that local populations understand these, which might also have archaeological significance in the case of Paracas-Topará.
A Discussion of the Challenges Confronting Archaeology and Its Practice in Nigeria
(RELX Group (Netherlands), 2021) Terngu S. Nomishan
A genomic history of the North Pontic Region from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age
(2024) Alexey G. Nikitin; Iosif Lazaridis; Nick Patterson; Світлана Іванова; Мykhailo Videiko; V. A. Dergachev; Nadezhda Kotova; Malcolm Lillie; Inna Potekhina; Marta Krenz‐Niedbała
The north Black Sea (Pontic) Region was the nexus of the farmers of Old Europe and the foragers and pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe 1,2 , and the source of waves of migrants that expanded deep into Europe 3–5 . We report genome-wide data from 78 prehistoric North Pontic individuals to understand the genetic makeup of the people involved in these migrations and discover the reasons for their success. First, we show that native North Pontic foragers had ancestry not only from Balkan and Eastern hunter-gatherers 6 but also from European farmers and, occasionally, Caucasus hunter-gatherers. More dramatic inflows ensued during the Eneolithic, when migrants from the Caucasus-Lower Volga area 7 moved westward, bypassing the local foragers to mix with Trypillian farmers advancing eastward. People of the Usatove archaeological group in the Northwest Pontic were formed ca. 4500 BCE with an equal measure of ancestry from the two expanding groups. A different Caucasus-Lower Volga group, moving westward in a distinct but temporally overlapping wave, avoided the farmers altogether, and blended with the foragers instead to form the people of the Serednii Stih archaeological complex 7 . A third wave of expansion occurred when Yamna descendants of the Serednii Stih forming ca. 4000 BCE expanded during the Early Bronze Age (3300 BCE). The temporal gap between Serednii Stih and the Yamna expansion is bridged by a genetically Yamna individual from Mykhailivka in Ukraine (3635-3383 BCE), a site of uninterrupted archaeological continuity across the Eneolithic-Bronze Age transition, and the likely epicenter of Yamna formation. Each of these three waves propagated distinctive ancestries while also incorporating outsiders during its advance, a flexible strategy forged in the North Pontic region that may explain its peoples’ outsized success in spreading their genes and culture across Eurasia 3–5,8–10 .
A Geomorphometric Approach to Estimate the Deterioration of Earthen Archaeological Sites by Rainfall and Diffusion Processes: The Huaca Chornancap (Eighth–14th Century <scp>ad</scp> ), Lambayeque, Peru
(Wiley, 2026) Luigi Magnini; Maria Ilaria Pannaccione Apa; Robert Gutiérrez Cachay; Marco Fernández Manayalle; Carlos Eduardo Wester La Torre; Guido Ventura
ABSTRACT Rain‐induced erosion processes can severely damage Earthen archaeological sites. Huaca Chornancap (HCH; eighth–14th century ad ) is a platform located in the Lambayeque region (Peru) exposed to seasonal rain due to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We present data from a UAV‐based photogrammetric survey and produce a Digital Surface Model from which we compute selected morphometric parameters. Rills and gullyes affect the HCH steep flanks, whereas pits concentrates on the flat top. Slides induced by rain also affect the western flank. Results from a model evidence the HCH sectors where diffusive erosion processes are predicted to act over the next century. We determine a vertical erosion rates of 0.33 m/century by ENSO‐related rain, 0.13 m/century by splash erosion and < 0.25 m/century by diffusion processes. Our findings emphasize the deteroriation of the HCH structural integrity. The methodological approach we propose may be applied to other earthen archaeological sites worldwide.
A Historical and Case Study Analysis of the Reasons Why Many Trophy Hunters are Hostile Toward Wolves and Wolf Advocates
(Taylor & Francis, 2013) Alexander Simon
In reaction to wolf reintroduction programs, some trophy hunting organizations have come to refer to the 1930s–1980s, when wolves were virtually absent from their historical ranges in the contiguou...
A mathematical model for the Andean Tiwanaku civilization collapse: Climate variations
(Elsevier BV, 2011) J.C. Flores; Mauro Bologna; Deterlino Urzagasti
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Environmental Reconstruction and Viticulture at Roman St. Petkina Niva in the Ohrid Region, North Macedonia
(Taylor & Francis, 2025) Petra Tušlová; Jaromír Beneš; Kristýna Budilová; Veronika Komárková; Veronika Brychová; Lucie Juřičková; Lenka Kovačíková; Laurent Bouby; Sarah Ivorra; Pero Ardjanliev
A New Lot of Greek Amphoric Stamps from Medgidia Elenistic 1 site, Constanța County
(Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 2023) Natalia Mateevici; Petre Colțeanu
The preventive archaeological research carried out on the Medgidia Elenistic 1 site, by MINA Constanța, which took place between November 2022 and July 2023, brought to light a rich and beautiful ceramic material of all kinds, from Getic and Scythian hand modeled pottery by – to luxury black-glazed Greek vessels, gray pottery and, of course, a rich batch of Greek amphorae and their fragments. In general terms, the discovered material falls chronologically between the IV and III BC.Among the amphoric material, the majority on the site, a special place is occupied by the amphoric stamps (67), coming from 6 Greek producing centers, both Mediterranean – Thasos, Cnidos, Rhodes, and from the Pontic ones – Heraclea, Sinope, Chersones. Among the stamps from Medgidia, some specimens of unknown centers were also noticed, some present for the first time in the W-NW area of the Black Sea, as well as, we believe, a new Sinopean producer. Most of the stamps belong to the Sinopean amphoric production – 34, which represents 60% of the total of this lot.From a chronological point of view, the batch of stamps discovered on the Medgidia Elenistic 1 site falls between the first half of the century 4th and mid-century 3rd century Chr.
A New Roman Necropolis and Its Contrubtions in the Gallipoli Historical Area
(Istanbul University, 2024) Sinem Düzgören; Rıdvan Gölcük; Kemal ÇİBUK
A group of grave structures unearthed during the forest road opening works within the borders of the Gallipoli Historical National Park provide some interesting evidence about the condition of the region during the Roman period. The grave structures unearthed on a maquis slope overlooking the Anzac Cove in the vicinity of Conkbayiri were constructed using sandstone blocks specific to the region and were in the form of cist graves. Considering the location and characteristics of the graves as well as their stylistic features, it is understood that there is a small necropolis belonging to the Roman period in this area. After the excavations carried out by the experts of the Çanakkale Museum Directorate, it is understood that there were single burials in these graves, and the fact that many burial gifts were recovered from these graves makes these graves more qualified. Although they were built in a local style, the gifts recovered from the graves include terracotta oil lamps, jugs and unguanterium, as well as various glass artefacts and two Sestos city coins. All these finds show that these tombs were used during the Roman period and that the area was in close relations with some important centres of the period, especially with the surrounding cities.
A new species of glyptodontine (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae) from the Quaternary of the Eastern Cordillera, Bolivia: phylogeny and palaeobiogeography
(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Francisco Cuadrelli; Alfredo E. Zurita; Pablo Toriño; Ángel R. Miño‐Boilini; Daniel Perea; Carlos A. Luna; David D. Gillette; Omar Medina
Francisco Cuadrellia*, Alfredo E. Zuritaa, Pablo Toriñob, Ángel R. Miño-Boilinia, Daniel Pereab, Carlos A. Lunaa, David D. Gillettec & Omar Medinada Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CONICET-UNNE), Ruta 5, km 2,5CC 128 (3400), Corrientes, Argentina; b Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay; c Museum of Northern Arizona, 3101, Fort Valley Road, 86001 Flagstaff, AZ, USA; d Facultad de Arquitectura y Ciencias del Hábitat, Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca. Calle Destacamento 317 ex REFISUR, Sucre, Bolivia
A Newly Discovered Column in the Hieroglyphic Text on La Mojarra Stela 1: A Test of the Epi-Olmec Decipherment
(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1997) John S. Justeson; Terrence Kaufman
A badly weathered column of hieroglyphs was discovered in November 1995 on the side of Stela 1 from La Mojarra in southern Veracruz, Mexico. Most of the signs in this column have now been identified by nighttime examination under artificial lighting, making possible a nearly complete transcription and translation of this column. This data expands the modest corpus of epi-Olmec hieroglyphic texts and confirms various aspects of the decipherment of the epi-Olmec script.
A Note on the Architectural Layout of the Early Islamic Church on Sir Bani Yas Island, UAE
(2024) Agnieszka Lic; Achim Lichtenberger; Rami Farouk Daher; Rana Zureikat
It has been suggested that the church on Sir Bani Yas island, dated to the seventh–eighth century, originally had a tower rising over its south-eastern room. This would be a unique feature as other hitherto known churches in the Gulf dated to the early Islamic period did not have towers. One of the arguments for the existence of the tower has been the increased thickness of the northern wall of the south-eastern room. However, close examination of the remains reveals that the increased thickness of this wall is in fact related to the rectangular apse of the chancel. Other arguments used previously to support the claim that the church had a tower are critically assessed in this paper, which concludes that the Sir Bani Yas church had no tower and that its chancel had a rectangular apse, yet another architectural feature it shares with other early Islamic Gulf churches.
A preliminary archaeological and environmental study of pre‐Columbian burial towers at Huachacalla, Bolivian Altiplano
(Wiley, 2002) Matti J. Rossi; Risto Kesseli; Petri Liuha; Jédu Sagárnaga Meneses; J. C. Pérez Bustamante
Abstract Chullpas are pre‐Columbian burial towers built by indigenous Aymaras on the Bolivian Altiplano. Bolivian chullpas date back to the Late Intermediate Period (A.D. 1000–1476) and the Late Horizon (A.D. 1476–1532). We recorded 228 chullpas among 84 sites in the Huachacalla region of west‐central Bolivia. In our study area, the chullpas are on debris flows and coarse alluvium in the proximal and medial segments of alluvial fans at the foot of two volcanoes. Grain‐size, element, and mineralogical analysis of chullpa wall material and local sediment revealed that the burial towers are composed of calcareous sand that is readily available in alluvial fan deposits near the sites. Our data suggest that the Aymaras considered environmental factors, such as drainage and stability of the soil, when they selected the locations of chullpas, whereas cultural factors played a significant role in chullpa architecture. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Preliminary Archaeological Investigation of Usambe Hills, South-Eastern Tivland, Central Nigeria
(RELX Group (Netherlands), 2020) Terngu S. Nomishan
A recently found building with floor mosaics in ancient Halikarnassos
(2024) Birte Poulsen; Ece Benli Bağcı; Seda Deniz Kesici; Gürşans Uzala
In recent years, substantial building activities in the city of Bodrum, ancient Halikarnassos, have brought to light a number of buildings with elaborate<br/>floor mosaics. Some of the buildings seem to be private dwellings, but at least one can be identified as a basilica. Part of a building in Eskiçeşme, near the<br/>harbour of Bodrum, seems to belong to a private dwelling. Besides more rooms grouped around two yards, the building includes two rooms with unique floor<br/>mosaics of which one depicts a Nilotic scene, one of the first examples of this motif to survive from western Asia Minor. Such Nilescapes had a revival in the<br/>provinces of the Near East during Late Antiquity, to which period these pavements presumably belong as well.
A Reversal of Fortune: Problematical Deposit 50, Tikal, Guatemala
(Cambridge University Press, 2021) Háttula Moholy-Nagy
The contents, context, and date of Problematical Deposit 50 bear on the origin, function, and meaning of Teotihuacan stylistic traits in the Southern Maya Lowlands. Archaeological data and material culture research appear to support emulation and adaptation by local rulers and elites, while an actual presence of Teotihuacanos is asserted by epigraphy and iconography. PD 50, the partial contents of a probable Early Classic chamber burial, appears to support local emulation, but an extraordinary pottery vessel, nicknamed here the “Arrival Bowl,” implies direct contact. The chronology and archaeological context demonstrate that the appearance of Teotihuacan stylistic traits at Tikal during the later Early Classic period is functionally distinct from the goods distributed over an interregional interaction sphere of much longer duration in which both Central Mexico and the Maya area participated. Furthermore, together with other features at Tikal, PD 50 suggests that adoption of Teotihuacan ideology by Tikal's elite was eventually met with resistance that contributed to the violence at the end of the Early Classic period that is manifested in the archaeological record.