INDICAÇÕES, CONTRAINDICAÇÕES E DESFECHOS CLÍNICOS DO USO DA EPISIOTOMIA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Abstract

This article presents an integrative review of the indications, contraindications, and clinical outcomes of episiotomy use, aiming to consolidate current knowledge about this practice. Episiotomy, an obstetric intervention performed to facilitate vaginal delivery, was once routinely applied but has recently been scrutinized for its efficacy and safety, especially when performed without specific indications. The review analyzes common indications such as dystocia and fetal distress, and contraindications, emphasizing the importance of informed consent. Routine episiotomy has been linked to significant complications, including persistent perineal pain, infections, and psychological trauma, negatively impacting women’s quality of life. Additionally, episiotomy can constitute obstetric violence when performed unnecessarily or without proper communication with the patient. This study underscores the need for a cautious approach aligned with WHO recommendations to reduce unnecessary episiotomies and promote safer, more respectful childbirth practices.