Ana Marleny BustamanteFrancisco Javier Sánchez Chacón2026-03-222026-03-22202010.18357/bigr21202019857https://doi.org/10.18357/bigr21202019857https://andeanlibrary.org/handle/123456789/69235COVID-19’s pandemic declaration worsened the Táchira–Norte de Santander border as the epicenter of the second largest forced migratory crisis in the world due to the Complex Humanitarian Emergency in Venezuela. COVID-19 changed the direction of the flow from emigration to returned migration, at a border that had already moved from open to semi-open, and since the pandemic, became closed to all formal movements.enEpicenterCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)PandemicEmigration2019-20 coronavirus outbreakDeclarationSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)GeographyWestern hemispherePolitical sciencearticle