Market Access and Migration: Evidence from the Panama Canal Opening During the First Great Migration∗

Sebastián GalianiLuis Fernando JaramilloMateo Uribe-Castro2026-03-222026-03-22202510.2139/ssrn.5226459https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5226459https://andeanlibrary.org/handle/123456789/84436enPanama canalPanamaEmpirical evidenceBusinessEconomicsEconomic geographyGeographyMarket Access and Migration: Evidence from the Panama Canal Opening During the First Great Migration∗preprint