Camila ScaffCharlotte Van den DriesscheAgustina Bani CuataAlberto Vie TayoAdrian V. Jaeggi2026-03-222026-03-22202510.1093/emph/eoaf033https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoaf033https://andeanlibrary.org/handle/123456789/78454This study provides a model for developing culturally sensitive tools to measure mental health traits in small-scale societies. It contributes to evolutionary psychiatry by laying the groundwork for quantifying subclinical psychopathology and personality traits, enabling rigorous tests of evolutionary hypotheses.enPsychopathologyBig Five personality traitsSubclinical infectionPersonalityPsychologyClinical psychologyMental healthPsychiatrySubsistence agricultureAgreeablenessarticle