Huan ChenAmy Baetsen-YoungAddie ThompsonBrad DayThelma F. MadzimaSally WasefClaudia Rivera CasanovasWilliam A. LovisGabriel Wróbel2026-03-222026-03-22202510.7554/elife.106818.3.sa3https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.106818.3.sa3https://andeanlibrary.org/handle/123456789/87030Genomic evidence from 15th-century Bolivian maize reveals similarity to Central Andean maize from Peru, and pre-Inca and Inca-era breeding that enhanced maize development through selection within Andean agricultural networks.AffinitiesAgricultureGeographyFifteenthSelection (genetic algorithm)BiologyGenetic diversityGenetic variationAgroforestryGenetic similarityAuthor response: Fifteenth century CE Bolivian maize reveals genetic affinities with ancient Peruvian maizepeer-review