Mecca BurrisEsperanza CáceresEmily M. ChesterKathryn HicksThomas W. McDadeLynn SikkinkHilde SpielvogelJonathan ThornburgVirginia J. Vitzthum2026-03-222026-03-22202210.1093/emph/eoac033https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoac033https://andeanlibrary.org/handle/123456789/51539Citaciones: 3Both peri-urban conditions and temporal trends contributed to gains in Alteños' growth. Rural out-migration can alleviate migrants' poverty, partly because of more diverse economic options in urbanized communities, especially for women. Nonetheless, Alteños averaged below WHO and MESA height and weight medians. Evolved biological adaptations to environmental challenges, and the consequent variability in growth trajectories, favor using multiple growth references. Growth monitoring should be informed by community- and household-level studies to detect and understand local factors causing or alleviating health disparities.enSocioeconomic statusGeographyDemographyPsychologyDemographic economicsarticle