Ulises Rodríguez-WongUlises Rodríguez-Medina2026-03-222026-03-22201910.24875/ciru.18000490https://doi.org/10.24875/ciru.18000490https://andeanlibrary.org/handle/123456789/67772The Royal College of Surgery of New Spain, in Mexico City, was established by decree of King Carlos III, in Spain, on March 17, 1768. Two surgeons from the Royal Colleges of Surgery of Cádiz and Barcelona were sent to the new continent, to start the activities of this school. The peninsular Spanish surgeons brought with them the most recent knowledge of European surgery, as well as more rational methods in the surgical treatment of some diseases. The Royal College of Surgery allowed to regulate and professionalize the practice of Surgery in New Spain.esMedicineDecreeHumanitiesarticle