Penelope BenderJ. C. M. Shute2026-03-222026-03-22198710.1080/02255189.1987.9670193https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.1987.9670193https://andeanlibrary.org/handle/123456789/59760Citaciones: 1ABSTRACT Conventional models of rural and agricultural extension in developing countries have usually been characterized by top-down approaches to rural change. Similarly, the concepts of diffusion and technology transfer typically embody, both conceptually and in operation, a largely one-way flow of ideas and techniques. This critique underlies and is subsequently confirmed by a study of the perceptions of agricultural extension held by both campesinos and extension staff in the Santa Cruz department of Bolivia. The analysis concludes with recommendations for a more participatory and consultative process of agricultural extension.frAgricultural extensionExtension (predicate logic)Citizen journalismGeographyAgricultureIdentity (music)PerceptionPolitical scienceRegional scienceDevelopment economicsarticle