Kathryn CasselsRaghad AlmofeezJessica RomanHannah SteinbergAhana ByneAmanda HaymondFreddy TinajerosMaría del Carmen MenduiñaEdith MálagaManuela Verástegui2026-03-222026-03-22202510.1371/journal.pntd.0013082https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013082https://andeanlibrary.org/handle/123456789/77239Our work suggests that it is possible to detect Trypanosoma cruzi infection directly from a noninvasively collected fluid such as urine. A direct test in urine with this success rate would be well suited for rapid diagnosis in low-resource areas. Further studies to validate this approach are warranted.enChagas diseaseTrypanosoma cruziUrineAntibodyImmunologyAntigenImmune systemBiologyDiseaseMedicinearticle