Pedro Gómez RomeroCoralys Abreu-RosarioRegina Cano-SaldañaDiana Hernández Juárez2026-03-222026-03-22202110.24875/rme.20000079https://doi.org/10.24875/rme.20000079https://andeanlibrary.org/handle/123456789/70267The changing epidemiology of thyroid cancer has shown a significant increase in the incidence of papillary microcarcinoma. This trend has led to the rethinking of the treatment of this type of cancer. Active surveillance, which requires proper evaluation and stratification of patients, consists of closely monitoring the tumor, avoiding immediate treatment. This alternative is based on the slow growth of this type of tumors, its low morbidity and mortality, and the possible complications of surgical treatment. Although the evidence supporting active surveillance is becoming increasingly robust, it is necessary to generate clinical trials and a specific protocol for each population. The objective of this article is to present the basis of active surveillance for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, its indications and the evidence generated so far.esMedicinearticle