Middlemen as an Exchange Technology in International Production Networks

Bernardo S. BlumSebastián ClaroKunal DasguptaIgnatius J. HorstmannMarcos A. Rangel2026-03-222026-03-22202510.2139/ssrn.5797012https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5797012https://andeanlibrary.org/handle/123456789/84588IntermediationIntermediaryProduction (economics)ProductivityLiberalizationFinancial intermediaryBusinessInternational economicsEconomicsInternational tradeMiddlemen as an Exchange Technology in International Production Networkspreprint