Fabio MacchioniEttore NapoliHabimael Castrillo TarragaGiovanni De BenedettoEverardo VegaAndrea AugelloWilliam Medina UstarezMiguel Guerrero MorenoPatricia Rojas GonzalesFrancesco Cosmi2026-03-222026-03-22202510.1186/s13071-025-07044-yhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-07044-yhttps://andeanlibrary.org/handle/123456789/78498These findings highlight the relevance of a One Health approach, as dogs may serve as reservoirs for both parasites, potentially increasing the risk of human transmission. Integrated control measures - including vector management and ongoing surveillance - are essential to reduce transmission and protect public health. Future research should prioritise mapping infection patterns and exploring ecological factors influencing disease dynamics.enParasitologyLeishmaniasisVector (molecular biology)Public healthTransmission (telecommunications)TrypanosomiasisBiologyEnvironmental healthTropical medicineCanine leishmaniasisarticle