Browsing by Autor "Carmen Julia Salvatierra Rocha"

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Advances in Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Neurobiology
(2025) Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Rodolfo R. Rosales; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Daniel Ramiro Elías Vallejos-Rejas; Carmen Julia Salvatierra Rocha; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; L. Castedo; Delly Espejo-Alanoca; Isaura Oberson Santander
Introduction. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects approximately 5-7% of children and adolescents and persists in a significant number of cases into adulthood, with an estimated prevalence of 2.5% in adults globally. The impact goes far beyond school or work performance; it is associated with an increased risk of accidents, risky behaviors, comorbid disorders such as anxiety, depression, substance use disorders, and a significant reduction in quality of life. Methods. A search was conducted in the databases SciELO, Scopus, PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, as well as Clinical Keys services. The search terms for the search formulation were "ADHD", "Attention Deficit Disorder", "Hyperactivity", "depression", "autism spectrum", "anxiety", as well as their translations into English. Results. The reported prevalence of ADHD in children ranges from 2 to 18 percent depending on the diagnostic criteria and the population studied. The prevalence in school-aged children is estimated to be between 9 and 15 percent, making it one of the most common childhood disorders. Possible etiological factors include comorbid disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety disorder, depression, developmental coordination disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and sleep disorders. Conclusion: ADHD constitutes a complex neurodevelopmental condition whose impact transcends clinical boundaries to become a multifaceted challenge for public health, neuroscience, and social justice.
Atypical rash, a diagnostic challenge in clinical practice: A Case Report from Bolivia
(2025) C. Roman; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Paola Nielsen Fuentes Luzcuber; L. Castedo; Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid; Sara Milca Robles-Nina; Carmen Julia Salvatierra Rocha; Jorge Márquez-Molina
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, commonly caused by Coxsackievirus A16, can manifest in atypical and severe forms associated with the CVA6 serotype, termed "eczema coxsackium," which may mimic serious pathologies. This report describes the case of a 10-year-old boy with a diffuse maculopapular rash, targetoid and bullous lesions, and systemic compromise, initially diagnosed as erythema multiforme major. The discussion focuses on the differential diagnostic challenge with eczema herpeticum, highlighting that despite the alarming clinical presentation, etiological confirmation via PCR for CVA6 was crucial to rule out other infections, discontinue unnecessary acyclovir, and focus treatment on supportive care, leading to a favorable outcome. In conclusion, eczema coxsackium due to CVA6 should be considered in severe vesiculobullous rashes, with PCR being essential for an accurate diagnosis and proper management, as its prognosis is generally benign.
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient with Atypical Presentation: Case Report
(2025) C. Roman; Paola Nielsen Fuentes Luzcuber; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Carmen Julia Salvatierra Rocha; Edson Grover Sañez Liendo; Henrry Temis Quisbert Vasquez; Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid; Benito Aguirre-Cruz; Delly Espejo-Alanoca
The case of a preschooler with Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (RHS) is reported, an infrequent pediatric neurological condition caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, whose atypical manifestation represented a diagnostic challenge. The patient, a 3-year and 4-month-old male, presented with vesicular lesions on the forehead and periorbital region, without the classic auricular rash, which led to a delayed diagnosis. Once RHS with bacterial superinfection was confirmed, acyclovir, prednisone, and antibiotics were administered, achieving a favorable evolution. The atypical presentation highlights the diagnostic challenges in children and the risk of delayed management. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain a high index of suspicion for RHS in pediatrics, even with unusual presentations, to ensure early treatment and prevent severe long-term complications.
Unraveling ADHD: Evidence, controversies, and new therapeutic opportunities
(2025) Fidel Aguilar-Medrano; Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Isis Scarleth Funes Galindo; Carmen Julia Salvatierra Rocha; Henrry Temis Quisbert Vasquez; Reyna Georgina Gonzales; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Delly Espejo-Alanoca; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez
Introduction. ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting millions of children and adults worldwide. The significance of ADHD extends far beyond its prevalence. It impacts multiple areas of life, including academic achievement, job performance, relationships, and mental health. Significant challenges remain in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Methods. A search for information was conducted from January to June 2025 in the databases SciELO, Scopus, PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, as well as Clinical Keys services. From the resulting documents, those written in the last 10 years were selected; this time range was prioritized; some systematic reviews covered broader periods, such as the last 5 years, the last 10 years, or even did not apply a specific date limit. Conclusions. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) represents a multifactorial challenge that transcends the clinical context to involve neurobiological, psychosocial, and cultural dimensions. Empowering patients and their families through psychoeducation strengthens understanding of the disorder, especially in vulnerable populations such as children, adolescents, and young adults. Investing in research, therapeutic innovation, and equitable public policies will be key to transforming ADHD care into a real opportunity to improve the quality of life for those who suffer from it.