Browsing by Autor "Christine Leyns"

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Association between self-administrated prophylactics and SARS-CoV-2 infection among traditional market vendors from the Central Highlands of Peru: A nested case-control study
(Public Library of Science, 2025) Daniel A. Andrade; Ana Cecilia Ho-Palma; Cesar A. Valdivia-Carrera; A. M García Munguía; Christine Leyns; Javier Guitián; Eloy Gonzales-Gustavson
Although COVID-19 is no longer a public health emergency of international concern, understanding behaviours such as self-medication remains relevant for informing future outbreak responses and improving public health preparedness. Despite its widespread use during the pandemic, research on medications preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthy individuals is scarce. We investigated the association between self-administered prophylactics and SARS-CoV-2 infection during the third wave of the pandemic in Peru. A nested case-control study was carried out in a cohort of traditional market vendors in the Peruvian Central Highlands, enrolled in a health program. Cases (positive SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis) were matched with controls (negative) by age, sex, and market of origin. Conditional logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the association between self-administered prophylactics and SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a result, 73 cases were matched with 176 controls. Acetylsalicylic acid consumption increased SARS-CoV-2 infection odds (adjusted Odds Ratio 2.34; 95% Confidence Interval 1.17-4.66). Conversely, vitamin C consumption reduced infection odds (adjusted Odds Ratio 0.44; 95% Confidence Interval 0.23-0.87). Finally, not having the COVID-19 booster increased infection odds (adjusted Odds Ratio 3.38; 95% Confidence Interval 1.43-7.95). In conclusion, our findings suggest that acetylsalicylic acid consumption increased the odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas vitamin C consumption decreased the infection odds during the third epidemic wave in Peru. Further research on the use of these medications is needed to establish a robust causal relationship with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION
(2023) Christine Leyns; Sandra van Dulmen
Healthcare providers are formed to serve people and put people’s needs at the center. They are expected to inform their patients as experts in health problems and health risk factors. During the clinical encounter they must integrate their knowledge with the unique characteristics, feelings, needs, and life circumstances of the person seeking their help. While this is the ideal scenario, the pandemic erased this script completely. Everything had to be learned by everyone without an expert guide. What are the risk factors, are mouth masks necessary, should we close schools, borders, or do we apply watchful waiting? How can we define cases, diagnose people, and treat them if they become ill? What do we do with other chronic diseases, health problems, or preventive services? Which resources do we need, including human resources (student trainees, retired healthcare workers, volunteers)? What was the view of healthcare providers on their duty to work during this health emergency? The latter question is answered by Muñoz et al in their paper in this issue of the IJPCM for nursing students in Chile and Spain [1].
EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION COVID-19: THE PATIENT PERSPECTIVE
(2023) Sandra van Dulmen; Christine Leyns
In the beginning of 2020, the world turned into a dangerous place for all; the outbreak of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (shortly: COVID-19) seemingly affected all persons alike. Seemingly, the impact of the infection and the way it was treated differed markedly between people and countries. As a result, COVID-19 made many victims, disproportionately among older aged, the poor, ethnic minorities [1], and people with preexisting medical conditions like diabetes [2] or a recently diagnosed mental disorder [3]. These people appeared to have a higher risk of mortality. Beside the risk of infection, the COVID-19 outbreak impacted the whole population, resulting in heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and stress [4] both directly through the virus threat [5] as indirectly through loss of income [6] and social contact [7]. Although the pandemic had—and still has—a severe impact on the mental and physical health of those who were infected or at risk of being infected, people do seem to differ in the extent their lives were and are influenced by the infection. Recently, for instance, Bonenkamp et al investigated the mental health of 177 dialysis patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic [8]. Their study showed that the mental health experienced by this group of patients was unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The conclusion of the authors was that “dialysis patients may be better able to cope with the pandemic since they have high resilience and are less impacted by social distancing measures.” An alternative interpretation could, however, be that the mental health of people who undergo such an invasive treatment is already quite poor and might not be able to get any lower (floor effect). Nevertheless, as shown by the following quote of a young, chronically ill patient, individual persons differ in the way they cope with the pandemic:
Empowerment of Community Members
(2023) Austen El‐Osta; Pete Smith; Christine Leyns; Otto W. Steenfeldt‐Foss; David E. Webber
Engaging Communities in Health Promotion through Community-Based Primary Care and Participatory Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2025) Christine Leyns; Carla Ascarrunz; Shirley Rasguido; Patricia Rodríguez; Daniel Eid Rodríguez; Javier Guitián
From disease to people-centred pandemic management: organized communities, community oriented primary care and health information systems
(Research Square (United States), 2023) Christine Leyns; Sara Willems; Richard A. Powell; Vivian Camacho; Ricardo Fábrega; Jan De Maeseneer; Salman Rawaf; Punam Mangtani; Austen El‐Osta
Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the health equity gap within and between countries. Western countries were the first to receive vaccines and mortality was higher among socially deprived, minority and indigenous populations within countries. Surprisingly, many sub-Saharan countries presented low excess mortalities. These countries share experience with community organization and participation in health. The aim is to analyse if and how this central role of people can promote a successful pandemic response. Methods This analysis is partly based on local and national experiences shared during an international and Latin American conference on person-and people-centred care in 2021. Additionally, excess mortality data and data relevant for pandemic control as well as literature on the pandemic response of countries with an unexpected low excess mortality were consulted. Results Togo, Mongolia, Thailand, and Kenya had a seven times lower mean excess mortality for 2020 and 2021 than the United States of America. More successful pandemic responses were seen in settings with experience in managing epidemics like Ebola and HIV, well-established community networks, a national philosophy of mutual aid, financial government assistance, more human resources for primary care and paid community health workers. Discussion Since trust in authorities and health needs vary greatly, local strategies are needed to complement national and international pandemic responses. Three key levers were identified to promote locally tailored pandemic management: (1) well-organized communities, (2) community-oriented primary care and (3) health information systems. An organized community structure stems from a shared ethical understanding of humanity as being interconnected with each other and the environment. This structure facilitates mutual aid and participation in decision making. Community-oriented primary care includes attention for collective community health and ways to improve health from its roots. A health information system supports collective health and health equity analysis by presenting health needs stratified for social deprivation, ethnicity, and community circumstances. Conclusions The difference in excess mortality between countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and various country experiences, demonstrate the potential of the levers in promoting a more just and effective health emergency response. These same levers and strategy can promote more inclusive and socially just health systems.
From disease- to people-centred pandemic management: organized communities, community-oriented primary care and health information systems
(BioMed Central, 2023) Christine Leyns; Sara Willems; Richard A. Powell; Vivian Camacho; Ricardo Fábrega; Jan De Maeseneer; Salman Rawaf; Punam Mangtani; Austen El‐Osta
The difference in excess mortality between countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and various country experiences demonstrate the potential of the levers in promoting a more just and effective health emergency response. These same levers and strategies can promote more inclusive and socially just health systems.
Hybrid, Vaccine-Induced and Natural Immunity Against Sars-Cov-2 in Traditional Food Markets in Bolivia (2020-2022): A Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Serological Survey
(RELX Group (Netherlands), 2024) Christine Leyns; Elliot McClenaghan; Patricia Rodríguez; Patrick Nguipdop‐Djomo; Carla Ascarrunz; Daniel Eid Rodríguez; Punam Mangtani; Javier Guitián
Hybrid, Vaccine-Induced and Natural Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 in Traditional Food Markets in Bolivia (2020-2022): A Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Serological Survey
(RELX Group (Netherlands), 2024) Christine Leyns; Elliot McClenaghan; Patricia Rodríguez; Patrick Nguipdop‐Djomo; Carla Ascarrunz; Daniel Eid Rodríguez; Punam Mangtani; Javier Guitián
Hybrid, vaccine-induced and natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in traditional food markets in Bolivia (2020−2022): A cross-sectional analysis of a serological survey
(Elsevier BV, 2025) Christine Leyns; Elliot McClenaghan; Patricia Rodríguez; Patrick Nguipdop‐Djomo; Carla Ascarrunz; Daniel Eid Rodríguez; Punam Mangtani; Javier Guitián
Integrated Care in Latin America
(2025) Nieves Ehrenberg; Osvaldo Artaza; Ingrid Gómez‐Duarte; Christine Leyns; Gastón Perman; Rocío Sáenz; Galileo Pérez-Hernández; Wilmer Sancho
Integrated Care in Latin America
(2024) Nieves Ehrenberg; Osvaldo Artaza; Ingrid Gómez‐Duarte; Christine Leyns; Gastón Perman; Rocéo Sáenz; Galileo Pérez-Hernández; Wilmer Sancho
Integrated Care in Latin America
(2025) Nieves Ehrenberg; Osvaldo Artaza; Ingrid Gómez‐Duarte; Christine Leyns; Gastón Perman; Rocío Sáenz; Galileo Pérez-Hernández; Wilmer Sancho
Integrated person‐ and people‐centred primary care for diabetes in low‐ and middle‐income countries: The nurses' perspective on patient needs
(Wiley, 2023) Christine Leyns; Doriene Stilma Memelink; Laura Bullinga; Jan De Maeseneer; Sara Willems; Carlijn Campman Melssen
Data from prior patient consultations were included in the study design, and study results inform the municipal health plan.
Needs and resources of people with type 2 diabetes in peri-urban Cochabamba, Bolivia: a people-centred perspective
(BioMed Central, 2021) Christine Leyns; Niek Couvreur; Sara Willems; Ann Van Hecke
People-Centered Health Services
(2023) Alison N. Huffstetler; Robert L. Phillips; Christine Leyns; J Willis; Fredy Canchihuamán
People-Centered Public Health
(2023) Fredy Canchihuamán; Christine Leyns; Juan E. Mezzich
Person-Centered Health Promotion
(2023) Susan P. Phillips; Margit Schmolke; Christine Leyns
Risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in hospitalized patients in Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2023) Jhonny Limachi-Choque; Javier Guitián; Christine Leyns; Miguel Guzmán-Rivero; Daniel Eid Rodríguez
Self-Care and Mutual Care in the Context of Person Centred Medicine
(2023) Juan E. Mezzich; Ihsan M. Salloum; Austen El‐Osta; Christine Leyns; Ricardo Fábrega
Introduction: The Geneva Declaration emerging from the 13th Geneva Conference on Person-Centred Medicine dealt with self-care, inter-care, and well-being during COVID-19 pandemic times. For the first time since the inception of the Geneva Conferences, the main theme involved self-care and inter-care. Not only these important healthcare strategies were innovative but also their specific relevance to person-centred care was implicitly assumed but had not been pointedly articulated. There has been significant literature available on self-care and only recently on inter-care, a concept sometimes referred to as mutual care. Objectives: The main objective of this paper is to examine systematically the place of self-care and mutual care within the framework of person-centred medicine (PCM) and thus help substantiate academically the main theme of the 2021 Geneva Declaration from the International College of Person-Centred Medicine. Methodology: The main approach involved an exploratory review of the literature aimed at clarifying the extent to which self-care and mutual care are related to the core concepts and to the key principles of PCM. Results: The relationship of the self-care and mutual care health strategies to the core concepts and key principles of PCM is tabularly appraised. It was found that both health strategies were related to the three core concepts of PCM and to virtually all key principles of PCM, except the holistic framework. Conclusions: Self-care and mutual care are related to and substantiated by the core concepts and key principles of PCM. The value of these findings could be extended through the identification and analyses of best practices and the performance of systematic research studies.