Browsing by Autor "Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz"

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Application of artificial intelligence in the field of legal and forensic medicine: advances and future challenges
(2025) Themis Karim Ocampo Gamboa; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; E Fernández; Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Blas Apaza-Huanca; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Jose Luis Diaz-Guerrero; Ruben Marco Antonio Soliz-Mendoza
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a profoundly transformative tool in numerous fields of knowledge, and its application in legal and forensic medicine is opening a new chapter in forensic science. The development of the “JL-IDIF” system by the Forensic Research Institute (IDIF) has been recognized as an innovative step, setting precedents for the use of advanced technology for the recording and analysis of forensic data. AI represents an unprecedented opportunity to transform legal and forensic medicine, making these processes faster, more efficient, and more accurate. Methodology. An information search was conducted from January to May 2025. Information was collected from scientific articles, books, technical reports, and publications in specialized media, using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and websites of forensic and government institutions. This approach allowed for a comprehensive and well-founded synthesis of the available information. Conclusions. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed multiple areas of medicine, and its incursion into forensic and legal medicine marks the beginning of a new era in forensic practice. This review has shown that, while technological advances have demonstrated great potential, significant limitations remain related to data quality, the need for external validation, and the availability of adequate technological infrastructure. In Bolivia, initiatives such as the JL-IDIF project or the experimental implementation of generative AI models demonstrate the interest and initial capacity to explore these emerging technologies. AI should not be viewed as a substitute for human judgment, but rather as a powerful tool that enhances the work of experts, allowing them to focus on critical interpretation and decision-making.
Artificial Intelligence in the Intensive Care Unit: Present and Future
(2025) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Ariel Sosa Remón; Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Ismael Vargas Gallego; Blas Apaza-Huanca; Jorge Márquez-Molina; Daniel Ramiro Elías Vallejos-Rejas
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is significantly transforming critical medicine and intensive care. Its ability to process large volumes of data and generate accurate predictions has improved medical decision-making, optimizing diagnosis, treatment, and reducing the workload of healthcare personnel. Methodology: A literature review was conducted between November 2024 and February 2025, consulting databases such as SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed-MedLine, Google Scholar, and ClinicalKeys. Original articles, case reports, and open-access systematic reviews from the last 5 years were selected, using descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) and Boolean operators for the search. Development: Current applications of AI in the ICU include: Monitoring and early detection of adverse events using sensors and machine learning algorithms; diagnosis and prognosis through deep neural networks for medical image interpretation; treatment optimization, including adjustments in mechanical ventilation and pharmacogenomics; efficient management of hospital resources. The future of AI in critical care is oriented towards more explanatory and transparent systems, personalized precision medicine, integration with emerging technologies and automation of clinical processes. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence (AI) is redefining care in intensive care units, improving diagnostic accuracy, optimizing treatments, improving clinical decision-making and thus allowing more efficient hospital management. However, as advanced as it is, it will never replace the empathy and clinical judgment of healthcare professionals. By integrating AI responsibly, we not only save more lives, but we also humanize critical patient care, always remembering that, at the heart of intensive medicine, there is compassion and commitment to each patient.
Asymptomatic multiorgan cysticercosis. A case report from Bolivia
(2025) Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid; Jennifer Collazo Cruz; Yamila Cruz Cruz; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Benito Aguirre-Cruz; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Carmen Julia Salvatierra-Rocha
Introduction: Cysticercosis is an infectious disease caused by Taenia solium, endemic to Latin America, Asia, and Africa. It is acquired by consuming Taenia eggs in contaminated water and food, or undercooked pork. It generally causes mild or asymptomatic disease, except for neurocysticercosis, which can be severe and potentially fatal. Symptoms depend on the number of parasites, their location, and the host's immune response. Diagnosis is based on epidemiological data, clinical presentation, and imaging studies, primarily computed tomography. Objective: To use computed tomographic images to identify the degree of tissue damage caused by Taenia solium in an asymptomatic Bolivian adult. Clinical case: A 52-year-old Bolivian female patient from a rural area, with a wooden house, dirt floor, no sewage or drinking water, a housewife, who practices open defecation and raises pigs to support her household. She had a personal health history, but an inadequate diet. She was taken to the Roberto Galindo Hospital due to a traffic accident, where an emergency CT scan of the head and abdomen was performed due to direct trauma to those areas. The studies revealed calcifications in multiple organs, findings suggestive of massive cysticercosis. Conclusions: Cysticercosis is a parasitic disease transmitted fecal-orally, preventable but highly contagious from country to country due to social migration. It constitutes a serious health problem due to the biological, economic, and social damage it entails, making increased epidemiological surveillance essential.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Advances in Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Neurobiology
(2025) Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Rodolfo R. Rosales; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Daniel Ramiro Elías Vallejos-Rejas; Carmen Julia Salvatierra Rocha; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; L. Castedo; Delly Espejo-Alanoca; Isaura Oberson Santander
Introduction. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects approximately 5-7% of children and adolescents and persists in a significant number of cases into adulthood, with an estimated prevalence of 2.5% in adults globally. The impact goes far beyond school or work performance; it is associated with an increased risk of accidents, risky behaviors, comorbid disorders such as anxiety, depression, substance use disorders, and a significant reduction in quality of life. Methods. A search was conducted in the databases SciELO, Scopus, PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, as well as Clinical Keys services. The search terms for the search formulation were "ADHD", "Attention Deficit Disorder", "Hyperactivity", "depression", "autism spectrum", "anxiety", as well as their translations into English. Results. The reported prevalence of ADHD in children ranges from 2 to 18 percent depending on the diagnostic criteria and the population studied. The prevalence in school-aged children is estimated to be between 9 and 15 percent, making it one of the most common childhood disorders. Possible etiological factors include comorbid disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety disorder, depression, developmental coordination disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and sleep disorders. Conclusion: ADHD constitutes a complex neurodevelopmental condition whose impact transcends clinical boundaries to become a multifaceted challenge for public health, neuroscience, and social justice.
Bioprocess Engineering: Advances in Cell Culture Systems, Reactor Design, Scale-up Strategies, and Intensification Processes for the Production of Biological and Bioactive Compounds
(2025) Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Jose Luis Diaz-Guerrero; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Blas Apaza-Huanca; E Fernández; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Themis Karim Ocampo Gamboa; Rodolfo R. Rosales; Luis Mariano Tecuatl Gómez; Pablo Carías
Bioprocess engineering is undergoing an unprecedented transformation, driven by the growing demand for complex and bioactive biological products across diverse industries, from pharmaceuticals to food and energy. Recent advances have redefined the efficiency, scalability, and sustainability of biomanufacturing. Key elements of this evolution include the widespread adoption of single-use systems, the integration of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) for precise control and predictive optimization, and the fundamental shift toward continuous bioprocessing. These innovations not only reduce costs and production times but also improve product quality and consistency, enabling the manufacturing of personalized therapies and high-value compounds. Scaling strategies have diversified to include both scale-up and parallel expansion (scale-out), tailored to specific product needs. Together, these developments are laying the foundation for more agile, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible biomanufacturing, preparing the industry to address global challenges in health and sustainability.
Characterization of ophthalmological manifestations in patients recovered from COVID-19
(2025) Kirenia Sera Herrero; Dayami Pérez Gómez; L. Castedo; Jorge Márquez-Molina; Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid; José Bernardo Antezana-Muñoz; Dilma Villca-Villca; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez
Introduction: Since the end of 2019, the world has been immersed in a health crisis caused by COVID-19, with millions of deaths globally. Ocular involvement is associated with respiratory symptoms and may be the first manifestation of the disease. Objective: To describe the short- and long-term ophthalmological manifestations in patients recovered from COVID-19. Methodological design: A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out. The universe was composed of patients recovered from COVID-19, who were being followed up in the national convalescent care protocol at the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, and were referred to the Ophthalmology clinic from February 2021 to June 2023. The sample consisted of 180 eyes of 90 patients, who met the selection criteria. Results: There was a predominance of the age group composed of women between 40 and 49 years, which represented 34% of the total. Most cases (65.5%) were evaluated less than 3 months after the initial diagnosis. 25.5% of patients presented at least one ocular disease, with conjunctivitis being the most frequent (26.5%), followed by dry eye (18.3%). Conclusions: In the evolutionary follow-up, a decrease in ocular diseases initially diagnosed as conjunctivitis was observed, however, others such as dry eye remained unchanged in their percentage of presentation and clinical manifestations. Patients evaluated with a shorter time of evolution of COVID-19 presented more severe ocular conditions
Evidence-based pediatric podiatry: literature review and update
(2025) Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Magaly Zurita Villazón; Marlon Carbonell González; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Abigail Jazmin Arce-Santivañez; Camila Tassoula Egüez-Pereira; Daniel Ramiro Elías Vallejos-Rejas; C. Roman; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Liliana Heydi Suarez Laime
Introduction: Pediatric podiatry has become established as an essential discipline in the comprehensive approach to the developing child. Alterations in the morphology and functionality of the children's foot, such as flexible flatfoot, are frequent reasons for consultation and require careful evaluation based on scientific evidence. Objective: This narrative review aims to analyze the evolution of knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the children's foot, identify the prevalent podiatric conditions in childhood, review the main therapeutic interventions available and update the role of the podiatrist in the current clinical context. Methods. A search for information was carried out in the period May - July 2025, in the databases SciELO, Scopus, PubMed / MedLine, the Google Scholar search engine, Cochrane Library, as well as in the Clinical Keys services. Only those studies of the type systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), observational studies and cross-sectional designs were selected. Results: Evidence shows that most cases of flexible flatfoot in childhood are physiological and do not require treatment, except in the presence of symptoms. Foot orthoses, functional re-education exercises, and appropriate footwear have proven effective in selected cases. In particular, intrinsic muscle strengthening programs have shown improvements in the plantar arch and gait. Current clinical practice remains variable, making ongoing training and the adoption of standardized protocols crucial. Conclusions: Timely, individualized, and evidence-guided intervention can prevent long-term musculoskeletal complications, improve locomotor function, and contribute to a better quality of life in childhood. The role of the pediatric podiatrist should be integrated into the multidisciplinary team for a comprehensive approach to child development.
Mountain sickness: physiological challenges, diagnosis and treatment
(2025) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; P. Ussetti Gil; Mildred Ericka Kubatz La Madrid; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Jorge Márquez-Molina; Yamila Cruz Cruz; Dilma Villca-Villca; R. Sarmiento
INTRODUCTION. The first descriptions of altitude sickness were made in (1540-1600). Nowadays, different cities in the world are at high altitude, for example Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China occupies an area of almost 2.5 million inhabitants km2, with an average elevation of over 4,500 m. Altitude sickness should be a major concern for anyone who normally resides at sea level. METHOD. A search for information was carried out in the period August-December 2024 in the SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, PubMed-MedLine databases, the Google Scholar search engine, as well as in the ClinicalKeys services. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2 ) decreases with altitude, which produces progressive tissue hypoxia. The normal compensatory response to hypobaric hypoxia is called acclimatization. Its main characteristic is increased ventilation. The ability to acclimatize varies widely among individuals and depends on many factors, including the degree of hypoxic stress (rate of ascent, altitude reached), the intrinsic ability of the individual to compensate for the decrease in PaO2, and extrinsic factors. Progressive ascent produces greater hypoxic stress, requiring greater degrees of physiological and behavioral adaptations to preserve function. The more rapid the ascent and the higher the altitude, the greater the stress. Below 1500 m, symptoms of high altitude illness are generally not manifest. From approximately 1500 to 2500 m, symptoms are generally mild, if experienced at all. From approximately 2500 m, mild to moderate symptoms become quite common among unacclimatized visitors after a rapid ascent. As a general rule, people who normally reside below 1500 m should avoid an abrupt ascent to altitudes above 2800 m for sleeping. Sedative-hypnotics should be avoided during acclimatization. Abstinence from alcohol is safest
Overweight, Obesity and High Blood Pressure: Early Atherogenic Signs in Children Aged 3 to 7 Years
(2025) Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Henrry Temis Quisbert Vasquez; Yenifer Zelaya-Espinoza; Jorge Márquez-Molina; Delly Espejo-Alanoca; Paola Kattya Barrientos Lujan; Isaura Oberson Santander
Introduction: Human atherosclerosis has been considered for centuries as one of the greatest predators of health, its distribution on the planet is so wide that it overwhelmingly surpasses any other pathological process and reaches epidemic proportions, both in economically developed populations and in the process of becoming so.Objective: To identify the presence of overweight, obesity and arterial hypertension as early signs of atherosclerosis in children aged 3-7 years.Methods: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out in 5 clinics of the "19 de abril" University Polyclinic, in the Plaza de la Revolución municipality, Havana City, during the period 2022-2023. The sample consisted of 152 children aged 3 to 7 years who met the inclusion criteria. The data were collected using the new model (AtecomR) and stored in an automated database in Microsoft Access. Statistical processing was performed using the SPSS statistical package, through a Toshiba Intel (R) Pentium IV microprocessor.Conclusion: This study constitutes a preamble for other investigations that address the problem of cardiovascular disease from the perspective of intrauterine life. The results have provided certain evidence, which, together with a review of the literature, has allowed us to propose the following conclusions. A high frequency of obesity, overweight and high blood pressure levels was identified in the study population. It was observed that in the obese and overweight group they had a tendency to increase with age, being higher their frequency between five and six years respectively. It was shown that overweight and obesity in children were factors for the presence of alterations in blood pressure.
Purple urine bag syndrome in urinary tract infection. Case report from Bolivia
(2025) L. Castedo; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez; Daniel Ramiro Elías Vallejos-Rejas; Carla Lorena Suarez Aponte; Shirley Nicole Andrade Azcui; Marlon Carbonell González; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Roger Mamani Plata
Purple bag syndrome is a rare manifestation of urine discoloration associated primarily with chemical reactions caused by the indoxyl sulfatase/phosphatase activity of some bacteria or as secondary metabolites of food or supplement intake, whether oral or parenteral. Its presence causes confusion, leading to unnecessary laboratory tests and treatments. Is reported the clinical case of a 49-year-old oncology patient admitted to the trauma service for a pathological fracture and urinary tract infection. She was fitted with a urinary catheter, which contained purple urine. Laboratory tests were requested to identify the causative bacteria. The catheter was replaced, and antibiotic treatment was started, leading to resolution of the clinical picture.
Unraveling ADHD: Evidence, controversies, and new therapeutic opportunities
(2025) Fidel Aguilar-Medrano; Freddy Ednildon Bautista-Vanegas; Isis Scarleth Funes Galindo; Carmen Julia Salvatierra Rocha; Henrry Temis Quisbert Vasquez; Reyna Georgina Gonzales; Ingrid Neysa Cabezas-Soliz; Delly Espejo-Alanoca; Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez
Introduction. ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting millions of children and adults worldwide. The significance of ADHD extends far beyond its prevalence. It impacts multiple areas of life, including academic achievement, job performance, relationships, and mental health. Significant challenges remain in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Methods. A search for information was conducted from January to June 2025 in the databases SciELO, Scopus, PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, as well as Clinical Keys services. From the resulting documents, those written in the last 10 years were selected; this time range was prioritized; some systematic reviews covered broader periods, such as the last 5 years, the last 10 years, or even did not apply a specific date limit. Conclusions. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) represents a multifactorial challenge that transcends the clinical context to involve neurobiological, psychosocial, and cultural dimensions. Empowering patients and their families through psychoeducation strengthens understanding of the disorder, especially in vulnerable populations such as children, adolescents, and young adults. Investing in research, therapeutic innovation, and equitable public policies will be key to transforming ADHD care into a real opportunity to improve the quality of life for those who suffer from it.