Browsing by Autor "Johanna Jacobi"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 21

Actor-specific risk perceptions and strategies for resilience building in different food systems in Kenya and Bolivia
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2018) Johanna Jacobi; Stellah Mukhovi; Aymara Llanque; Daniela Toledo; Chinwe Ifejika Speranza; Fabian Käser; Horacio Augstburger; José Manuel Freddy Delgado; Boniface Kiteme; Stephan Rist
Agroecosystem resilience and farmers’ perceptions of climate change impacts on cocoa farms in Alto Beni, Bolivia
(Cambridge University Press, 2013) Johanna Jacobi; Monika Schneider; Patrick Bottazzi; Maria Isabel Pillco; Patricia Calizaya; Stephan Rist
Abstract Cocoa-based small-scale agriculture is the most important source of income for most farming families in the region of Alto Beni in the sub-humid foothills of the Andes. Cocoa is grown in cultivation systems of varying ecological complexity. The plantations are highly susceptible to climate change impacts. Local cocoa producers mention heat waves, droughts, floods and plant diseases as the main impacts affecting plants and working conditions, and they associate these impacts with global climate change. From a sustainable regional development point of view, cocoa farms need to become more resilient in order to cope with the climate change related effects that are putting cocoa-based livelihoods at risk. This study assesses agroecosystem resilience under three different cocoa cultivation systems (successional agroforestry, simple agroforestry and common practice monocultures). In a first step, farmers’ perceptions of climate change impacts were assessed and eight indicators of agroecological resilience were derived in a transdisciplinary process (focus groups and workshop) based on farmers’ and scientists’ knowledge. These indicators (soil organic matter, depth of Ah horizon, soil bulk density, tree species diversity, crop varieties diversity, ant species diversity, cocoa yields and infestation of cocoa trees with Moniliophthora perniciosa ) were then surveyed on 15 cocoa farms and compared for the three different cultivation systems. Parts of the socio-economic aspects of resilience were covered by evaluating the role of cocoa cooperatives and organic certification in transitioning to more resilient cocoa farms (interviews with 15 cocoa farmers combined with five expert interviews). Agroecosystem resilience was higher under the two agroforestry systems than under common practice monoculture, especially under successional agroforestry. Both agroforestry systems achieved higher cocoa yields than common practice monoculture due to agroforestry farmers’ enhanced knowledge regarding cocoa cultivation. Knowledge sharing was promoted by local organizations facilitating organic certification. These organizations were thus found to enhance the social process of farmers’ integration into cooperatives and their reorientation toward organic principles and diversified agroforestry.
Building Farm Resilience in a Changing Climate: Challenges, Potentials, and Ways Forward for Smallholder Cocoa Production in Bolivia
(2016) Johanna Jacobi; Patrick Bottazzi; Maria Isabel Pillco; Monika Schneider; Stephan Rist
Carbon stocks, tree diversity, and the role of organic certification in different cocoa production systems in Alto Beni, Bolivia
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2013) Johanna Jacobi; Christian Andrès; Monika Schneider; Maria Isabel Pillco; Patricia Calizaya; Stephan Rist
Das nossas ciências ao diálogo intercientífico para a sustentabilidade alimentar e o desenvolvimento sustentável
(Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2016) Freddy Delgado; Stephan Rist; Johanna Jacobi; Mayra Delgado
Este artigo discute as ciências endógenas como um sistema de conhecimentos que pode contribuir para a segurança e a soberania alimentar. Toma como premissa fundamental o reconhecimento de que todos os sistemas de conhecimentos milenares do mundo são ciências com suas próprias epistemologias e ontologias e isto implica em diferentes visões de vida e valorações, como é o caso dos conceitos de alimento e medicina. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar e promover marcos teóricos e metodológicos que levem ao diálogo intercientífico de saberes entre os diferentes sistemas de conhecimento do mundo, considerando o pluralismo epistemológico e o surgimento e/ou recriação de paradigmas das ciências e o desenvolvimento, e propondo delineamentos a partir da praxis para fortalecer o corpus cognitivo das ciências endógenas que aportem à sustentabilidade alimentar e ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Pode-se afirmar que o diálogo de saberes que parte da revalorização da sabedoria das nações e povos indígenas camponeses do mundo (que chamamos de intraculturalidade) e a transdisciplinaridade (acadêmica), tem sido a base para sustentar um marco teórico-conceitual e metodológico que permite aportar à construção de novos paradigmas das ciências e o desenvolvimento que se concretiza no diálogo intercientífico.
Ecological quality as a coffee quality enhancer. A review
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2023) Vania Torrez; Camila Benavides-Frías; Johanna Jacobi; Chinwe Ifejika Speranza
El cultivo de la hoja de coca en sistemas agroforestales dinámicos en los Yungas de La Paz
(ETH Zurich, 2018) Johanna Jacobi; Luis Lohse; Joachim Milz
La coca es uno de los cultivos más antiguos en los Yungas de La Paz. Hoy en día, en su mayoría se planta en monocultivos y muchas veces en laderas inestables. El monocultivo de coca degrada los suelos, causa deslizamientos de terrenos, pérdida de biodiversidad y se desarrolla con el uso de agroquímicos potencialmente dañinos para la salud humana, los suelos y los cuerpos de agua. Sin embargo, en los Yungas persiste también un conocimiento ancestral sobre formas más sustentables de producción de coca con cultivos diversificados con árboles, arbustos y hierbas de diferentes usos. En este estudio se identificaron iniciativas y experiencias de recuperación de conocimientos ancestrales del cultivo sostenible de la coca, que integran técnicas de la agroforestería dinámica. La creciente demanda para coca orgánica puede ser una oportunidad para incentivar cultivos más sustentables y adaptados al cambio climático, que al mismo tiempo contribuyan a la seguridad alimentaria de las familias. Actualmente, el cultivo de coca con certificación orgánica en agroforestería dinámica ya representa una vía para más de 300 familias cocaleras en las Yungas de La Paz, y en miras de la degradación de suelos y la alta demanda de nuevas tierras para cultivar coca que está amenazando las áreas protegidas, es un potencial económico y ecológico para las más de 13 500 familias cocaleras de los Yungas paceños. Sin embargo, el cultivo de la coca en agroforestales dinámicos necesita apoyo técnico e institucional en el manejo de los sistemas agroforestales, en la investigación y en la comercialización tanto de la coca agroecológica como otros productos agroforestales.
Farm Resilience in Organic and Nonorganic Cocoa Farming Systems in Alto Beni, Bolivia
(Taylor & Francis, 2015) Johanna Jacobi; Monika Schneider; Maria Pillco Mariscal; Stéphanie Huber; Simon Weidmann; Patrick Bottazzi; Stephan Rist
Cocoa production in Alto Beni, Bolivia, is a major source of income and is severely affected by climate change impacts and other stress factors. Resilient farming systems are, thus, important for local families. This study compares indicators for social–ecological resilience in 30 organic and 22 nonorganic cocoa farms of Alto Beni. Organic farms had a higher tree and crop diversity, higher yields and incomes, more social connectedness, and participated in more courses on cocoa cultivation. Resilience was enhanced by local farmers’ organizations, providing organic certification and supporting diversified agroforestry with seedlings and extension, going beyond basic organic certification requirements.
“First we eat and then we sell”: participatory guarantee systems for alternative sustainability certification of Bolivian agri-food products
(Taylor & Francis, 2022) Johanna Jacobi; Daniela G. Toledo Vásquez; Jimena M. Solar Alvarez; Elisabeth Bürgi Bonanomi
Expectations and interest are high in participatory guarantee systems (PGS) as a context-specific alternative to third-party sustainability certification. Self-defined criteria, transparency, trust, and accessibility have made PGS an attractive alternative to exogenous certification in local markets in over 70 countries. There is also increasing interest in the possibilities for participatory certification in international trade for family farm-based products such as cocoa or coffee. Bolivia’s PGS was established in 2012. By 2017, the country ranked second (after India) in number of PGS farmers. Since 2019, however, its numbers are declining. Visiting six PGS initiatives, we interviewed 38 persons from production, processing, distribution, support networks, and policymaking on the current situation of PGS in Bolivia; its challenges; its prospects in local, national, and international trade; and the role of Bolivia’s governmental PGS support. While PGS certification in Bolivia faces challenges – including high fees, weak consumer demand, and insufficient links to broader value chains – it displays strong potential to make locally managed sustainability certification more accessible. We recommend that decision-makers ensure accessibility and help promote PGS with consumers. Importing countries could support PGS, in particular by incentivizing access of PGS-certified products to their national markets by recognizing them as organic via peer-to-peer certification.
La contribución de la producción del cacao orgánico a la resiliencia socio-ecológica en el contexto del cambio climático en el Alto Beni – La Paz
(ETH Zurich, 2014) Johanna Jacobi; Monika Schneider; María Isabel Pillco Mariscal; Stéphanie Huber; Simon Weidmann; Stephan Rist
El cultivo del cacao en pequeña escala, sustento básico de muchas familias del Alto Beni, es afectado por los impactos del cambio climático. Para el desarrollo sostenible, es necesario que las fincas adquieran resiliencia: la capacidad de un sistema para reducir su sensibilidad hacia factores de estrés y perturbaciones, manteniendo su productividad, capacidad auto-organizativa, de aprendizaje y adaptación al cambio. Investigamos las diferencias en la resiliencia entre las fincas orgánicas y no orgánicas de cacao, y los rasgos significativos que inciden en la resiliencia socio-ecológica de los sistemas agrícolas del cacao. Definimos indicadores de resiliencia con expertos locales y productores durante un taller y con grupos focales. Los indicadores de la capacidad de amortiguación fueron: materia orgánica de los suelos, densidad aparente del suelo, e infestación con Moniliophthora perniciosa, diversidad arbórea, diversidad de cultivos, hormigas y fuentes de ingresos de las familias productoras. Los indicadores de auto-organización fueron: afiliación a organizaciones productoras, nivel de subsistencia, rendimientos de cacao e ingreso familiar anual. La capacidad de adaptación se evaluó indagando la cantidad de capacitaciones en que participaron las familias y la cantidad de fuentes de información que poseían. Entrevistamos 52 hogares: 30 orgánicos, 22 no orgánicos. Las fincas orgánicas en el área eran más diversificadas y rendían más. El ingreso familiar anual de las fincas orgánicas era sustancialmente mayor al de las no orgánicas. Probablemente el mayor rendimiento se debió principalmente a que los productores orgánicos participaron en más capacitaciones debido a su pertenencia a las organizaciones locales. Concluimos que las organizaciones locales de agricultura orgánica contribuyeron a crear resiliencia proporcionando servicios de extensión mediante el establecimiento de parcelas, creación de capacidades y seguros sociales.
Land for whom? Justice, knowledge, and the transformation of food systems
(Elsevier BV, 2025) Julie G. Zaehringer; Theresa Tribaldos; Johanna Jacobi; Elena Borasino; Aymara Llanque-Zonta
Making specialty coffee and coffee-cherry value chains work for family farmers’ livelihoods: A participatory action research approach
(Elsevier BV, 2023) Johanna Jacobi; Derly Cibelly Lara Figueroa; Sebastian E. W. Opitz; Sabine de Castelberg; Sergio Urioste; Alvaro Irazoque; Daniel Castro; Elio Wildisen; Nelson Gutiérrez-Guzmán; Chahan Yeretzian
Mapping Food Systems: A Participatory Research Tool Tested in Kenya and Bolivia
(International Mountain Society, 2019) José Manuel Freddy Delgado Burgoa; Johanna Jacobi; Stephan Rist; Grace Wambugu; Mariah Ngutu; Horacio Augstburger; Veronica Mwangi; Aymara Llanque Zonta; Stephen Otieno; Boniface Kiteme
Food system research requires an understanding of system actors and activities. To this end, we codesigned and conducted a food system mapping process in 2 regions, one in Kenya and the other in Bolivia, that stretches frommountains to lowlands and involves sites of interconnected food system strategies related to these habitats. We adapted an existing method of mapping local food webs to an approach that subdivides food systems into 4 subsystems: operational, political, information and services, and natural resources. Through the mapping process, a group of local and external researchers and practitioners identified the most important food value chains in the study areas. They also identified the value chains' reach, as well as related actors; flows ofknowledge, information, and finance; and the natural resources the food systems depend on. A power/interest matrix complemented the mapping results with information about different actors' roles in the food systems; this can help to identify the best target groups and entry points for efforts to improve the sustainability of food systems in the diverse habitats forming part of these food systems. Mapping and a brief analysis of actors and interests are first steps toward assessing the sustainability of a food system. The participatory nature of our approach enhanced coordination between projects of research and practice and helped to increase the relevance and applicability of the mapping results and related activities.
Operationalizing food system resilience: An indicator-based assessment in agroindustrial, smallholder farming, and agroecological contexts in Bolivia and Kenya
(Elsevier BV, 2018) Johanna Jacobi; Stellah Mukhovi; Aymara Llanque; Horacio Augstburger; Fabian Käser; Claudia Pozo; Mariah Ngutu Peter; José Manuel Freddy Delgado; Boniface Kiteme; Stephan Rist
Plaguicidas químicos usados en el cultivo de soya en el Departamento de Santa Cruz, Bolivia: riesgos para la salud humana y toxicidad ambiental
(ETH Zurich, 2019) Roberto Bascopé Zanabria; Ulrike Bickel; Johanna Jacobi
La presente investigación caracteriza los plaguicidas químicos utilizados en el cultivo agroindustrial de soya en el municipio de San Pedro del Departamento de Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Se realizó el estudio durante dos campañas en el periodo 2016 en el municipio de San Pedro, ya que es el municipio con mayor superficie cultivada con soya en Bolivia. La región tiene dos campañas agrícolas. Para el levantamiento de datos se optó por un enfoque de métodos mixtos: entrevistas abiertas (30), mapas parlantes (9) y flujos de proceso (9). Se contó con la participación de diversos actores clave en la producción de soya en zona de estudio. Los resultados muestran que en una hectárea de soya anualmente se aplican más de 35 kg de productos químicos (plaguicidas y otros insumos agrícolas) con diferentes grados de toxicidad. Encontramos que se emplean caldos compuestos hasta con 11 diferentes productos, siendo aplicados entre 6 a 13 veces en toda la etapa fenológica del cultivo. En el periodo de estudio se utilizaron en total 64 marcas de plaguicidas químicos de uso agrícola (PQUA). En total se han identificado 19 ingredientes activos que son clasificados como Plaguicidas Altamente Peligrosos (PAPs). Estos resultados muestran que los ecosistemas y los seres humanos están expuestos a serios riesgos. Es en tal sentido que se desarrollan una serie de recomendaciones, entre ellas potenciar la agroecológía como práctica, movimiento social y ciencia, y retirar los PAPs del mercado.
Productive Diversification and Sustainable Use of Complex Social-Ecological Systems: A Comparative Study of Indigenous and Settler Communities in the Bolivian Amazon
(Taylor & Francis, 2013) Patrick Bottazzi; Victòria Reyes-García; David Crespo; Sarah-Lan Marthez-Stiefel; Harry Soria Galvarro; Johanna Jacobi; Marcelo Clavijo; Stephan Rist
Agricultural and forest productive diversification depends on multiple socioeconomic drivers—like knowledge, migration, productive capacity, and market—that shape productive strategies and influence their ecological impacts. Our comparison of indigenous and settlers allows a better understanding of how societies develop different diversification strategies in similar ecological contexts and how the related socioeconomic aspects of diversification are associated with land cover change. Our results suggest that although indigenous people cause less deforestation and diversify more, diversification is not a direct driver of deforestation reduction. A multidimensional approach linking sociocognitive, economic, and ecological patterns of diversification helps explain this contradiction.
Social Self-Organization and Social-Ecological Resilience in Food Systems: Lessons from Smallholder Agriculture in Kenya and Indigenous Guaraní Communities in Bolivia
(2020) Stellah Mukhovi; Johanna Jacobi; Aymara Llanque; Stephan Rist; Freddy Delgado; Boniface Kiteme; Chinwe Ifejika Speranza
A scholarly article by authors Stellah Mikalitsa Mukhovi, Johanna Jacobi, and Aymara Llanque, Stephan Rist, Freddy Delgado, Boniface Kiteme, Chinwe Ifejika Speranza published in Food Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal
Socioeconomic and biophysical factors affect tree diversity in farms producing specialty coffee in Caranavi, Bolivia
(Research Square (United States), 2023) Gabriel G. Torrico; Nayra Antezana Alvarado; Luis F. Pacheco; Camila Benavides-Frías; Johanna Jacobi
Abstract Specialty coffee (SC) production enables farmers to earn premium prices for high-quality coffee. In Bolivia, some coffee-based agroforestry systems (CAFS) produce SC. However, while many Bolivian families’ livelihoods depend on coffee, studies on SC-producing CAFS remain scarce. Yet, research on tree diversity, CAFS management and the factors affecting tree diversity can offer novel insights on agroforestry. We sampled 24 farms in three villages located in the Caranavi municipality. We analyzed farms main characteristics, biophysical variables, shade tree diversity, tree uses, management practices and farmers’ socioeconomic background. Additionally, we surveyed 50 coffee farmers to collect information about their preferences for shade tree species and tree characteristics. Then, we investigated if farmers’ socioeconomic and farm biophysical variables affect CAFS tree species richness and tree density using generalized linear models (GLM). Our results showed that studied farms are small and certified properties (average: 2.6 ha) managed by families; we observed that CAFS provide farmers with valuable products besides SC. We identified 85 tree species that provide principally shade for coffee and fruits, timber, lumber and medicines. Moreover, farmers prefer mostly shade tree species that offer them useful and marketable products, while tree characteristics are preferred according to their benefits to coffee and farmers. GLM revealed that socioeconomic and biophysical variables related to management and landscape composition affect: tree species richness and density. These results suggest that management and landscape are influential factors driving CAFS tree diversity. Hence, factors fostering farmers’ ability to manage their CAFS for biodiversity and household wellbeing should be promoted.
Socioeconomic and biophysical factors affect tree diversity in farms producing specialty coffee in Caranavi, Bolivia
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2023) Gabriel G. Torrico; Nayra Antezana Alvarado; Luis F. Pacheco; Camila Benavides-Frías; Johanna Jacobi
Utilization of research knowledge in sustainable development pathways: Insights from a transdisciplinary research-for-development programme
(Elsevier BV, 2019) Johanna Jacobi; Aymara Llanque; Sabin Bieri; Eliud Birachi; Roland Cochard; Nicolás Depetris Chauvin; Clara Léonie Diebold; René Eschen; Emmanuel Frossard; Thomas Guillaume