Browsing by Autor "Panizza, Ugo"

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    Economic, Social and Demographic Determinants of Political Participation in Latin America: Evidence from the 1990s
    (rlde, 2004) Gaviria, Alejandro; Panizza, Ugo; Seddon Wallack, Jessica
    El documento utiliza datos internacionales sobre la participación electoral y datos a nivel individual, para describir los niveles y la distribución de la participación política en Latinoamerica, encontrando que, mientras la participación de electores en Latinoamerica es baja, el análisis de indicadores más generales respecto a la actividad política revela que la participación es razonablemente homogénea a traves de los estratos socioeconomicos. El descubrimiento de que la participación en Latinoamerica, aunque baja, es comparativamente igualitaria, parece ser parcialmente contradictoria con la percepción de la historia del subcontinente, que ha sido caracterizada por la exclusión y marginalización.
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    Political Institutions and Growth Collapses
    (rlde, 2004) Gaviria, Alejandro; Panizza, Ugo; Seddon, Jessica; Stein, Ernesto
    This paper tests whether Rodrik's (1999) results that institutions for conflict management are associated with the ability to react to economic shocks are robust to different ways of defining the quality of such institutions. In this paper, we measure the quality of conflict management institutions with two different indices. The first is an index of political constraints on the ability of the executive to impose its will. These constraints limit the ability of the government to arbitrarily change the rules of the game and therefore may reduce redistributive struggles. The second index measures the degree of political particularism. We define political particularism as the policymakers' ability to further their career by catering to narrow interests rather than broader national platforms. The indices used in this paper solve the endogeneity and subjectivity biases that affect Rodrik's main measure of institutional quality. We find strong support for the idea that high levels of political constraints and intermediate levels of political particularism are associated with a quick recovery from economic shocks.