Browsing by Autor "Ricardo Godoy"

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Adult knowledge of wild plants associated with limited delayed health and nutritional benefits for children or adults in the face of external change: A yearly panel (2003−2010) study among Tsimane’, an indigenous Amazonian society in Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2024) Ricardo Godoy; Tomás Huanca; William R. Leonard; Thomas W. McDade; Victòria Reyes-García; Asher Y. Rosinger; Susan Tanner
Assortative mating and offspring well-being: theory and empirical findings from a native Amazonian society in Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2008) Ricardo Godoy; Dan T. A. Eisenberg; Victòria Reyes-García; Tomás Huanca; William R. Leonard; Thomas W. McDade; Susan Tanner
Brief Communication: Does Integration to the Market Threaten Agricultural Diversity? Panel and Cross-Sectional Data From a Horticultural-Foraging Society in the Bolivian Amazon
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2004) Vincent Vadez; Victoria Reyes-Garc�a; Ricardo Godoy; V. Lilian Apaza; Elizabeth Byron; Tomás Huanca; William R. Leonard; Eddy P�rez; David Wilkie
Can We Trust an Adult's Estimate of Parental School Attainment? Disentangling Social Desirability Bias and Random Measurement Error
(SAGE Publishing, 2008) Ricardo Godoy; Victòria Reyes-García; Susan Tanner; William R. Leonard; Thomas W. McDade; Tomás Huanca
Researchers often need to know the parental school attainment of adult subjects. When researchers cannot ask parents about their school attainment, they must ask adult offspring about the school attainment of their parents. We assess the accuracy of answers provided by adults about the school attainment of their parents with data from a native Amazonian society in Bolivia (Tsimane'). Offspring overestimate the school attainment of their parents. They also report inaccurately other human capital attributes of their parents (e.g., writing skills, fluency speaking Spanish, practical indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants). Results mesh with findings from the United States about the lack of reliability of adults' self-reports about parental school attainment and with prior research among the Tsimane' suggesting significant misreporting of other outcomes (e.g., age, income, parental height).
Changes in adult well-being and economic inequalities: An exploratory observational longitudinal study (2002–2010) of micro-level trends among Tsimane’, a small-scale rural society of Indigenous People in the Bolivian Amazon
(Elsevier BV, 2024) Ricardo Godoy; Jonathan Bauchet; Jere R. Behrman; Tomás Huanca; William R. Leonard; Victòria Reyes-García; Asher Y. Rosinger; Susan Tanner; Eduardo A. Undurraga; Ariela Zycherman
Commonality and variation in mental representations of music revealed by a cross-cultural comparison of rhythm priors in 15 countries
(Nature Portfolio, 2024) Nori Jacoby; Rainer Polak; Jessica A. Grahn; Daniel J. Cameron; Kyung Myun Lee; Ricardo Godoy; Eduardo A. Undurraga; Tomás Huanca; Timon Thalwitzer; Noumouké Doumbia
Correlates of delay-discount rates: Evidence from Tsimane' Amerindians of the Bolivian rain forest
(Elsevier BV, 2002) Kris N. Kirby; Ricardo Godoy; Victòria Reyes-García; Elizabeth Byron; Lilian Apaza; William R. Leonard; Eddy Pérez-Then; Vincent Vadez; David Wilkie
Do Markets Worsen Economic Inequalities? Kuznets in the Bush
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2004) Ricardo Godoy; Michael Gurven; Elizabeth Byron; Victòria Reyes-García; James Keough; Vincent Vadez; David Wilkie; William R. Leonard; Lilian Apaza; Tomás Huanca
Does civilization cause discontentment among indigenous Amazonians? Test of empirical data from the Tsimane’ of Bolivia
(Elsevier BV, 2010) Ricardo Godoy; Elizabeth Zeinalova; Victòria Reyes-García; Tomás Huanca; Holly Kosiewicz; William R. Leonard; Susan Tanner
Does the Future Affect the Present? The Effects of Future Weather on the Current Collection of Planted Crops and Wildlife in a Native Amazonian Society of Bolivia
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2009) Ricardo Godoy; Victòria Reyes-García; Vincent Vadez; Oyunbileg Magvanjav; William R. Leonard; Thomas W. McDade; Sanjay Kumar; Javed Iqbal; David Wilkie; Susan Tanner
Ethnobotanical Knowledge Shared Widely Among Tsimane' Amerindians, Bolivia
(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2003) Victòria Reyes-García; Ricardo Godoy; Vincent Vadez; L. Apaza; Elizabeth Byron; Tomás Huanca; William R. Leonard; Eddy Pérez-Then; David Wilkie
To preserve humanity's patrimony and diversity and avoid misappropriation by outsiders, laws should protect indigenous knowledge. Firms producing pharmaceutical, agricultural, and cosmetic goods have used ethnobotanical knowledge of indigenous people to develop commercial goods ([1][1], [2][2]). The commercial use of ethnobotanical knowledge raises concerns about payments owed to indigenous peoples who supply the knowledge ([3][3]). Indigenous peoples and their advocates say that ethnobotanical knowledge is held communally ([4][4]) and that firms should share the benefits from commercial uses of indigenous knowledge. Despite these claims, we do not know how much indigenous peoples share ethnobotanical knowledge. Here we use a cultural consensus model ([5][5]) to show that Tsimane' Amerindians share much ethnobotanical knowledge. The Tsimane' number ∼7000 people and live in ∼100 villages in the Bolivian lowlands ([6][6]). Habitats range from savannas to wet, moist, and gallery forests. Tsimane' show large variation in socioeconomic attributes. Some live in small villages without schools, speak only Tsimane', and forage and practice shifting cultivation. Others speak Spanish, live in large, accessible, permanent villages with schools, and sell crops and labor. Because Tsimane' contain much variation, they are ideal to estimate the amount of shared ethnobotanical knowledge in an indigenous group. We collected socioeconomic and ethnobotanical knowledge data during 18 months (May 1999 to November 2000) in two villages with different habitats and market exposure, Yaranda (which is a 3-day canoe trip from the nearest market town) and San Antonio (which is a 3-hour walk to the nearest town). Panel data served to develop a survey applied to 511 Tsimane' in 59 villages. In villages with ≤12 households, we surveyed all households. In villages with 13+ households, we randomly selected 12 households for interviews. For the interview, we randomly selected one household head. The average distance of the 59 villages to the closest town was 35 km (SD = 24.16, max = 100.5, min = 0.0). To construct the knowledge test, we used published literature and data from free listings of useful plants ( n = 50) used by the Tsimane'. From the list, we randomly selected 21 plants to construct a multiple-choice questionnaire. We asked all subjects whether each plant could be used for medicine, firewood, tools, construction, and/or food. We collected responses in a matrix with plant names on the x axis and their uses on the y axis. We define knowledge as agreement between informants and use cultural consensus and cultural competence to measure this parameter. Cultural competence is the proportion of questions each person answered correctly; we equate correct with the most frequent response in the population or group. Cultural consensus refers to the group average similarity in responses. Data are consensual if the first eigenvalue is at least three times larger than the second, provided no estimate of knowledge is <0. To estimate whether agreement was larger among people in the same village than among all subjects, we first estimated the agreement of each informant with people in the same village and then with the entire sample. When comparing subjects with people in the same village, we found that on a 0 to 1 scale, the average individual cultural competence was 0.83 (SD = 0.10) ([Table 1][7]). The average cultural consensus of the 59 villages was 90.60 (SD = 6.18). All villages but one fitted the consensus model, all informants had positive competence scores, and the ratio between the first and second eigenvalue was >3. Results suggest that people in the same village share more ethnobotanical knowledge than between villages. View this table: Table 1 Summary of cultural competence and consensus in 59 villages and 511 subjects. We pooled people in the sample to compare individual agreement for all Tsimane'. When people were compared with the whole group, the average cultural competence was 0.62 (SD = 0.11), 20% lower than when compared with people in the same village. Cultural consensus of ethnobotanical knowledge among the Tsimane' was 66.3, lower than the average within villages. All informants had positive answers; the ratio between the first and second eigenvalues was 3.38. Results confirm the idea that ethnobotanical knowledge is a consensual domain among Tsimane' of different villages. There is growing international and national agreement about the need for prior consent and benefit sharing with indigenous peoples when outsiders use ethnobotanical knowledge. As indigenous peoples have advocated and as this research shows, the collective nature of traditional knowledge should be considered when outsiders use indigenous knowledge commercially. Laws to protect indigenous knowledge must also acknowledge the communal endowment of indigenous knowledge and the traditional rights and responsibilities over such knowledge. 1. [↵][8]S. A. Laird, Ed., Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge (Earthscan, London, 2002). 2. [↵][9]K ten Kate, S. A. Laird, Eds., The Commercial Use of Biodiversity (Earthscan, London, 1999). 3. [↵][10]1. D. Posey , Anthropol. Today 6, 4 (1990). [OpenUrl][11][CrossRef][12] 4. [↵][13]Coordinadora de Organizaciones Indigenas de la Cuenca Amazonica, Initiatives for Protection of Rights of Holders of Traditional Knowledge, Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (WIPO, Geneva, 1998). 5. [↵][14]1. A. K. Romney , Curr. Anthropol. 40, 6 (1999). [OpenUrl][15] 6. [↵][16]V. Reyes-Garcia, thesis, University of Florida (2001). 7. We thank M. Alvarado , R. Bernard, Z. Foster, Consejo Tsimane', Y. Gutierrez, D. Ista, A. Nate, J. Pache, P. Pache, M. Roca, B. Sandstrom, S. Tanner, E. Tayo, and A. Yakhedts. This work was supported by the NSF (grants 9731240 and 9904318) and McArthur and Conservation, Food, & Health Foundations. [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: #ref-3 [4]: #ref-4 [5]: #ref-5 [6]: #ref-6 [7]: #T1 [8]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1 in text [9]: #xref-ref-2-1 View reference 2 in text [10]: #xref-ref-3-1 View reference 3 in text [11]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnthropol.%2BToday%26rft.volume%253D6%26rft.spage%253D4%26rft.atitle%253DANTHROPOL%2BTODAY%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.2307%252F3032916%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [12]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.2307/3032916&link_type=DOI [13]: #xref-ref-4-1 View reference 4 in text [14]: #xref-ref-5-1 View reference 5 in text [15]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DCurr.%2BAnthropol.%26rft.volume%253D40%26rft.spage%253D6%26rft.atitle%253DCURR%2BANTHROPOL%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [16]: #xref-ref-6-1 View reference 6 in text
Income inequality and adult nutritional status: Anthropometric evidence from a pre-industrial society in the Bolivian Amazon
(Elsevier BV, 2005) Ricardo Godoy; Elizabeth Byron; Victòria Reyes-García; Vincent Vadez; William R. Leonard; Lilian Apaza; Tomás Huanca; Eddy Pérez-Then; David Wilkie
La economía de la domesticación de animales: un estudio de caso de crianza de paca (Agouti paca) en las tierras bajas de Bolivia
(2004) Ricardo Godoy; Wendy R. Townsend; I. García
Local financial benefits of rain forests: comparative evidence from Amerindian societies in Bolivia and Honduras
(Elsevier BV, 2002) Ricardo Godoy; Han Overman; Josefien Demmer; L. Apaza; Elizabeth Byron; Tomás Huanca; William R. Leonard; Eddy Pérez-Then; Victòria Reyes-García; Vincent Vadez
Measuring Culture as Shared Knowledge: Do Data Collection Formats Matter? Cultural Knowledge of Plant Uses Among Tsimane’ Amerindians, Bolivia
(SAGE Publishing, 2004) Victòria Reyes-García; Elizabeth Byron; Vincent Vadez; Ricardo Godoy; Lilian Apaza; Eddy Pérez Limache; William R. Leonard; David Wilkie
In this article, the authors contribute to the empirical study of culture as shared knowledge by exploring correlations of individual responses to different questionnaires of the same tasks and correlation of individual responses to different tasks. They collected data on ethnobotanical knowledge from 149 adult Tsimane’ Amerindians in Bolivia. The authors used a cultural consensus model to calculate individual scores of cultural knowledge for each questionnaire, correlating individual scores using pooled samples and various subsamples. Results from multiplechoice questionnaires show high reliability. A comparison of competency scores from the paired-comparison and the average of the three multiple-choice questionnaires showed a positive correlation ( r = .46), although it was lower than when comparing multiple-choice to each other. Competency on the triad questionnaire did not correlate with information from any of the other questionnaires. The evidence presented suggests that cultural competence may be consistent across questionnaires of the same task but not necessarily across different tasks in the same domain.
Meat prices influence the consumption of wildlife by the Tsimane' Amerindians of Bolivia
(Cambridge University Press, 2002) Lilian Apaza; David Wilkie; Elizabeth Byron; Tomás Huanca; William R. Leonard; Eddy Pérez-Then; Victòria Reyes-García; Vincent Vadez; Ricardo Godoy
Wildlife (bushmeat or game) is the primary source of protein for most poor households in tropical forests, and its consumption is resulting in unsustainable hunting of large animals, even in isolated regions. As a result, loss of fauna is often a more immediate and significant threat to the conservation of biological diversity in tropical forests than is deforestation. Although the potential effects of the extirpation from tropical forests of large, seed predating and seed dispersing wild animals is poorly understood, it is likely that there will be irrevocable changes in the structure and function of these ecosystems. We carried out a survey of 510 households of Tsimane' Amerindians in the rainforest of Bolivia to investigate how the prices of game and meat from domesticated animals affect the consumption of game. The results indicated that the price of fish and meat from livestock is positively correlated with consumption of wildlife, suggesting that policy makers may be able to reduce the unsustainable hunting of wildlife for food by reducing the price of fish and the price of meat from domesticated animals relative to that of wildlife. Increasing the production of livestock without causing environmental degradation will require long-term public investment in agricultural research and extension, and substitution of fish for game meat in the absence of sustainable management regimes will result in over-exploitation of riverine and lacustrine fish stocks.
Rain, temperature, and child–adolescent height among Native Amazonians in Bolivia
(Informa, 2008) Ricardo Godoy; Elizabeth Goodman; Victòria Reyes-García; Dan T. A. Eisenberg; William R. Leonard; Tomás Huanca; Thomas W. McDade; Susan Tanner; Naveen Jha; Taps Bolivian Study Team
The height of young females and males is well protected from climate events, but protection works less well for boys ages 2-12.
Short but catching up: Statural growth among native Amazonian Bolivian children
(Wiley, 2009) Ricardo Godoy; Colleen Nyberg; Dan T. A. Eisenberg; Oyunbileg Magvanjav; Eliezer Shinnar; William R. Leonard; Clarence C. Gravlee; Victòria Reyes-García; Thomas W. McDade; Tomás Huanca
The ubiquity and consequences of childhood growth stunting (<-2 SD in height-for-age Z score, HAZ) in rural areas of low-income nations has galvanized research into the reversibility of stunting, but the shortage of panel data has hindered progress. Using panel data from a native Amazonian society of foragers-farmers in Bolivia (Tsimane'), we estimate rates of catch-up growth for stunted children. One hundred forty-six girls and 158 boys 2 < or = age < or = 7 were measured annually during 2002-2006. Annual Delta height in cm and in HAZ were regressed separately against baseline stunting and control variables related to attributes of the child, mother, household, and village. Children stunted at baseline had catch-up growth rates 0.11 SD/year higher than their nonstunted age and sex peers, with a higher rate among children farther from towns. The rate of catch up did not differ by the child's sex. A 10% rise in household income and an additional younger sibling lowered by 0.16 SD/year and 0.53 SD/year the rate of growth. Results were weaker when measuring Delta height in cm rather than in HAZ. Possible reasons for catch-up growth include (a) omitted variable bias, (b) parental reallocation of resources to redress growth faltering, particularly if parents perceive the benefits of redressing growth faltering for child school achievement, and (c) developmental plasticity during this period when growth rates are most rapid and linear growth trajectories have not yet canalized.
Social rank and adult male nutritional status: Evidence of the social gradient in health from a foraging-farming society
(Elsevier BV, 2008) Victòria Reyes-García; Thomas W. McDade; José Luís Molina; William R. Leonard; Susan Tanner; Tomás Huanca; Ricardo Godoy
The effect of rainfall during gestation and early childhood on adult height in a foraging and horticultural society of the Bolivian Amazon
(Wiley, 2007) Ricardo Godoy; Susan Tanner; Victòria Reyes-García; William R. Leonard; Thomas W. McDade; Melanie Vento; James Broesch; Ian Carlos Fitzpatrick; Peter Giovannini; Tomás Huanca
Recent research documents the effects of adverse conditions during gestation and early childhood on growth responses and health throughout life. Most research linking adverse conditions in early life with adult health comes from industrial nations. We know little about the plasticity of growth responses to environmental perturbations early in life among foragers and horticulturalists. Using 2005 data from 211 women and 215 men 20+ years of age from a foraging-horticultural society of native Amazonians in Bolivia (Tsimane'), we estimate the association between (a) adult height and (b) rainfall amount and variability during three stages in the life cycle: gestation (year 0), birth year (year 1), and years 2-5. We control for confounders such as height of the same-sex parent. Rainfall amount and variability during gestation and birth year bore weak associations with adult height, probably from the protective role of placental physiology and breastfeeding. However, rainfall variability during years 2-5 of life bore a negative association with adult female height. Among women, a 10% increase in the coefficient of variation of rainfall during years 2-5 was associated with 0.7-1.2% lower adult height (1.08-1.93 cm). Environmental perturbations that take place after the cessation of weaning seem to leave the strongest effect on adult height. We advance possible explanations for the absence of effects among males.