Browsing by Autor "Stephan Rist"

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Actor-specific risk perceptions and strategies for resilience building in different food systems in Kenya and Bolivia
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2018) Johanna Jacobi; Stellah Mukhovi; Aymara Llanque; Daniela Toledo; Chinwe Ifejika Speranza; Fabian Käser; Horacio Augstburger; José Manuel Freddy Delgado; Boniface Kiteme; Stephan Rist
Agroecosystem resilience and farmers’ perceptions of climate change impacts on cocoa farms in Alto Beni, Bolivia
(Cambridge University Press, 2013) Johanna Jacobi; Monika Schneider; Patrick Bottazzi; Maria Isabel Pillco; Patricia Calizaya; Stephan Rist
Abstract Cocoa-based small-scale agriculture is the most important source of income for most farming families in the region of Alto Beni in the sub-humid foothills of the Andes. Cocoa is grown in cultivation systems of varying ecological complexity. The plantations are highly susceptible to climate change impacts. Local cocoa producers mention heat waves, droughts, floods and plant diseases as the main impacts affecting plants and working conditions, and they associate these impacts with global climate change. From a sustainable regional development point of view, cocoa farms need to become more resilient in order to cope with the climate change related effects that are putting cocoa-based livelihoods at risk. This study assesses agroecosystem resilience under three different cocoa cultivation systems (successional agroforestry, simple agroforestry and common practice monocultures). In a first step, farmers’ perceptions of climate change impacts were assessed and eight indicators of agroecological resilience were derived in a transdisciplinary process (focus groups and workshop) based on farmers’ and scientists’ knowledge. These indicators (soil organic matter, depth of Ah horizon, soil bulk density, tree species diversity, crop varieties diversity, ant species diversity, cocoa yields and infestation of cocoa trees with Moniliophthora perniciosa ) were then surveyed on 15 cocoa farms and compared for the three different cultivation systems. Parts of the socio-economic aspects of resilience were covered by evaluating the role of cocoa cooperatives and organic certification in transitioning to more resilient cocoa farms (interviews with 15 cocoa farmers combined with five expert interviews). Agroecosystem resilience was higher under the two agroforestry systems than under common practice monoculture, especially under successional agroforestry. Both agroforestry systems achieved higher cocoa yields than common practice monoculture due to agroforestry farmers’ enhanced knowledge regarding cocoa cultivation. Knowledge sharing was promoted by local organizations facilitating organic certification. These organizations were thus found to enhance the social process of farmers’ integration into cooperatives and their reorientation toward organic principles and diversified agroforestry.
Agroforestry species of the Bolivian Andes: an integrated assessment of ecological, economic and socio-cultural plant values
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2012) Regine Brandt; Heike Zimmermann; Isabell Hensen; Juan Carlos Mariscal Castro; Stephan Rist
Building Farm Resilience in a Changing Climate: Challenges, Potentials, and Ways Forward for Smallholder Cocoa Production in Bolivia
(2016) Johanna Jacobi; Patrick Bottazzi; Maria Isabel Pillco; Monika Schneider; Stephan Rist
Carbon stocks, tree diversity, and the role of organic certification in different cocoa production systems in Alto Beni, Bolivia
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2013) Johanna Jacobi; Christian Andrès; Monika Schneider; Maria Isabel Pillco; Patricia Calizaya; Stephan Rist
Das nossas ciências ao diálogo intercientífico para a sustentabilidade alimentar e o desenvolvimento sustentável
(Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2016) Freddy Delgado; Stephan Rist; Johanna Jacobi; Mayra Delgado
Este artigo discute as ciências endógenas como um sistema de conhecimentos que pode contribuir para a segurança e a soberania alimentar. Toma como premissa fundamental o reconhecimento de que todos os sistemas de conhecimentos milenares do mundo são ciências com suas próprias epistemologias e ontologias e isto implica em diferentes visões de vida e valorações, como é o caso dos conceitos de alimento e medicina. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar e promover marcos teóricos e metodológicos que levem ao diálogo intercientífico de saberes entre os diferentes sistemas de conhecimento do mundo, considerando o pluralismo epistemológico e o surgimento e/ou recriação de paradigmas das ciências e o desenvolvimento, e propondo delineamentos a partir da praxis para fortalecer o corpus cognitivo das ciências endógenas que aportem à sustentabilidade alimentar e ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Pode-se afirmar que o diálogo de saberes que parte da revalorização da sabedoria das nações e povos indígenas camponeses do mundo (que chamamos de intraculturalidade) e a transdisciplinaridade (acadêmica), tem sido a base para sustentar um marco teórico-conceitual e metodológico que permite aportar à construção de novos paradigmas das ciências e o desenvolvimento que se concretiza no diálogo intercientífico.
“Development must be based on local cultures!” The Struggle for Local Independence and Self-Determination: An Interview With Don Roman Loayza, the First Peasant Elected to the Bolivian Parliament
(International Mountain Society, 2000) Stephan Rist
Farm Resilience in Organic and Nonorganic Cocoa Farming Systems in Alto Beni, Bolivia
(Taylor & Francis, 2015) Johanna Jacobi; Monika Schneider; Maria Pillco Mariscal; Stéphanie Huber; Simon Weidmann; Patrick Bottazzi; Stephan Rist
Cocoa production in Alto Beni, Bolivia, is a major source of income and is severely affected by climate change impacts and other stress factors. Resilient farming systems are, thus, important for local families. This study compares indicators for social–ecological resilience in 30 organic and 22 nonorganic cocoa farms of Alto Beni. Organic farms had a higher tree and crop diversity, higher yields and incomes, more social connectedness, and participated in more courses on cocoa cultivation. Resilience was enhanced by local farmers’ organizations, providing organic certification and supporting diversified agroforestry with seedlings and extension, going beyond basic organic certification requirements.
“It was Hard to Come to Mutual Understanding …”—The Multidimensionality of Social Learning Processes Concerned with Sustainable Natural Resource Use in India, Africa and Latin America
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2006) Stephan Rist; Mani Chiddambaranathan; Cesar Escobar; Urs Wiesmann
La contribución de la producción del cacao orgánico a la resiliencia socio-ecológica en el contexto del cambio climático en el Alto Beni – La Paz
(ETH Zurich, 2014) Johanna Jacobi; Monika Schneider; María Isabel Pillco Mariscal; Stéphanie Huber; Simon Weidmann; Stephan Rist
El cultivo del cacao en pequeña escala, sustento básico de muchas familias del Alto Beni, es afectado por los impactos del cambio climático. Para el desarrollo sostenible, es necesario que las fincas adquieran resiliencia: la capacidad de un sistema para reducir su sensibilidad hacia factores de estrés y perturbaciones, manteniendo su productividad, capacidad auto-organizativa, de aprendizaje y adaptación al cambio. Investigamos las diferencias en la resiliencia entre las fincas orgánicas y no orgánicas de cacao, y los rasgos significativos que inciden en la resiliencia socio-ecológica de los sistemas agrícolas del cacao. Definimos indicadores de resiliencia con expertos locales y productores durante un taller y con grupos focales. Los indicadores de la capacidad de amortiguación fueron: materia orgánica de los suelos, densidad aparente del suelo, e infestación con Moniliophthora perniciosa, diversidad arbórea, diversidad de cultivos, hormigas y fuentes de ingresos de las familias productoras. Los indicadores de auto-organización fueron: afiliación a organizaciones productoras, nivel de subsistencia, rendimientos de cacao e ingreso familiar anual. La capacidad de adaptación se evaluó indagando la cantidad de capacitaciones en que participaron las familias y la cantidad de fuentes de información que poseían. Entrevistamos 52 hogares: 30 orgánicos, 22 no orgánicos. Las fincas orgánicas en el área eran más diversificadas y rendían más. El ingreso familiar anual de las fincas orgánicas era sustancialmente mayor al de las no orgánicas. Probablemente el mayor rendimiento se debió principalmente a que los productores orgánicos participaron en más capacitaciones debido a su pertenencia a las organizaciones locales. Concluimos que las organizaciones locales de agricultura orgánica contribuyeron a crear resiliencia proporcionando servicios de extensión mediante el establecimiento de parcelas, creación de capacidades y seguros sociales.
Mapping Food Systems: A Participatory Research Tool Tested in Kenya and Bolivia
(International Mountain Society, 2019) José Manuel Freddy Delgado Burgoa; Johanna Jacobi; Stephan Rist; Grace Wambugu; Mariah Ngutu; Horacio Augstburger; Veronica Mwangi; Aymara Llanque Zonta; Stephen Otieno; Boniface Kiteme
Food system research requires an understanding of system actors and activities. To this end, we codesigned and conducted a food system mapping process in 2 regions, one in Kenya and the other in Bolivia, that stretches frommountains to lowlands and involves sites of interconnected food system strategies related to these habitats. We adapted an existing method of mapping local food webs to an approach that subdivides food systems into 4 subsystems: operational, political, information and services, and natural resources. Through the mapping process, a group of local and external researchers and practitioners identified the most important food value chains in the study areas. They also identified the value chains' reach, as well as related actors; flows ofknowledge, information, and finance; and the natural resources the food systems depend on. A power/interest matrix complemented the mapping results with information about different actors' roles in the food systems; this can help to identify the best target groups and entry points for efforts to improve the sustainability of food systems in the diverse habitats forming part of these food systems. Mapping and a brief analysis of actors and interests are first steps toward assessing the sustainability of a food system. The participatory nature of our approach enhanced coordination between projects of research and practice and helped to increase the relevance and applicability of the mapping results and related activities.
Operationalizing food system resilience: An indicator-based assessment in agroindustrial, smallholder farming, and agroecological contexts in Bolivia and Kenya
(Elsevier BV, 2018) Johanna Jacobi; Stellah Mukhovi; Aymara Llanque; Horacio Augstburger; Fabian Käser; Claudia Pozo; Mariah Ngutu Peter; José Manuel Freddy Delgado; Boniface Kiteme; Stephan Rist
Productive Diversification and Sustainable Use of Complex Social-Ecological Systems: A Comparative Study of Indigenous and Settler Communities in the Bolivian Amazon
(Taylor & Francis, 2013) Patrick Bottazzi; Victòria Reyes-García; David Crespo; Sarah-Lan Marthez-Stiefel; Harry Soria Galvarro; Johanna Jacobi; Marcelo Clavijo; Stephan Rist
Agricultural and forest productive diversification depends on multiple socioeconomic drivers—like knowledge, migration, productive capacity, and market—that shape productive strategies and influence their ecological impacts. Our comparison of indigenous and settlers allows a better understanding of how societies develop different diversification strategies in similar ecological contexts and how the related socioeconomic aspects of diversification are associated with land cover change. Our results suggest that although indigenous people cause less deforestation and diversify more, diversification is not a direct driver of deforestation reduction. A multidimensional approach linking sociocognitive, economic, and ecological patterns of diversification helps explain this contradiction.
Social Self-Organization and Social-Ecological Resilience in Food Systems: Lessons from Smallholder Agriculture in Kenya and Indigenous Guaraní Communities in Bolivia
(2020) Stellah Mukhovi; Johanna Jacobi; Aymara Llanque; Stephan Rist; Freddy Delgado; Boniface Kiteme; Chinwe Ifejika Speranza
A scholarly article by authors Stellah Mikalitsa Mukhovi, Johanna Jacobi, and Aymara Llanque, Stephan Rist, Freddy Delgado, Boniface Kiteme, Chinwe Ifejika Speranza published in Food Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal
The Importance of Place Names in the Search for Ecosystem-Like Concepts in Indigenous Societies: An Example from the Bolivian Andes
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2012) Sébastien Boillat; Elvira Serrano; Stephan Rist; Fikret Berkes