Browsing by Tema "Accountability"

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A glimpse of the Good Governance and Human Rights Ratio
(2017) Mohammad Emami; Hamid Shakeri
Good governance like any other concept in the field of social sciences will be the product of time and place. This term was first introduced in the late 1980s. Over the last two decades, it has been increasingly used in public rights, human rights, economics, management and international documents. A good governance is a new discourse which is defined by terms such as rule of Law, partnership, repossibility, accountability, transparency, effectiveness, and efficiency. These terms has received considerable attention in recent years.\nIn this article, by using descriptive-analytical method and authoritative library resources, it has been attempted to briefly elucidate the concept of this term and the grounds for its emergence and expansion. In this regard, at first concept and bases of good governance formation and its objectives and consequences will be examined. Then, we examine the components of good governance in international documents and the ratio of good governance and human rights is discussed. Finally, the relation between this concept and human rights has been described as a good governance criterion.
Accountability, equidade em serviços públicos e governo aberto no Brasil e na Colômbia
(Fundação Getúlio Vargas, 2024) Paula Chies Schommer; Andrés Hernández Quiñonez
Resumo O trabalho analisa a relação entre accountability e equidade nos serviços públicos, no contexto de planos de governo aberto em países e cidades com elevadas desigualdades socioeconômicas. A partir de uma discussão conceitual que articula governança colaborativa e inclusiva, accountability, equidade e governo aberto, analisamos o 5º Plano Nacional de Governo Aberto do Brasil e o 4º Plano Nacional de Estado Aberto da Colômbia, bem como os atuais Planos de Ação de Governo Aberto de São Paulo e Bogotá. A pergunta que orienta a investigação é como os planos de governo aberto reconhecem as assimetrias de poder e as iniquidades entre grupos populacionais no acesso aos serviços públicos? Ainda, identificamos tendências de conexão entre accountability e equidade nos serviços públicos, mostrando exemplos de Bogotá e São Paulo, além da presença de metas de equidade em planos de desenvolvimento de Brasil e Colômbia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo e exploratório, que propõe uma articulação e discussão teórico-conceitual, articulando literatura acadêmica e técnica e análise documental sobre a realidade empírica em dois países e duas cidades. Os resultados mostram que a equidade é abordada de forma geral e é mais visível nos planos municipais do que nos planos nacionais de governo aberto. A operacionalização e mensuração da equidade em serviços públicos são desafiadoras. Melhorias nesses aspectos podem ajudar a tornar os esforços de equidade mais accountable, os processos de accountability mais equitativos, a governança mais inclusiva e o poder menos concentrado.
Accountability, equitable public services, and open government in Brazil and Colombia
(Fundação Getúlio Vargas, 2024) Paula Chies Schommer; Andrés Hernández Quiñonez
Abstract This article analyzes the relationship between accountability and equity in public services in the context of open government plans in unequal countries and cities. It presents a conceptual discussion interweaving collaborative and inclusive governance, accountability, equity, and open government, supporting the analysis of the 5th Brazilian Open Government National Plan, the 4th Colombian Open State National Plan, and the current Municipal Open Government Action Plans of São Paulo and Bogotá. The research question addressed is: How do open government plans recognize power asymmetries and inequities among population groups when accessing public services? The study also identifies trends in connecting accountability and equity in public services, showing examples from Bogotá and São Paulo, highlighting the inclusion of equity goals in Colombian and Brazilian development plans. This qualitative and exploratory research introduces a conceptual discussion bridging academic and technical literature, conducting a documentary analysis of the empirical realities in two countries and two cities. The results show that equity in public services is usually approached broadly and is more visible in municipal than national open government plans. The operationalization and measurement of equity in public services are challenging. Improvements in this direction could make equity efforts more accountable, accountability processes more equitable, governance more inclusive, and power less concentrated.
Alcances y obstáculos de la accountability mediática en América Latina tras la Tercera Ola de la democracia
(Universidad de Medellín, Sello Editorial, 2017) Francisco Javier Tagle Montt; Francisco Javier Tagle Montt
One of the most classic normative functions of media in democracies is to be vigilant of power, both to serve as defenders of the citizens and for the public opinion to make correct decisions. This paper discusses from a critical perspective the accountability of the media in Latin America from the Third Wave of Democracy up to date, which has been important in denouncing and investigating certain cases of political corruption, but has been limited for two reasons: the first is the high concentration of ownership of regional media systems, have led to a very low level of informative pluralism which calls into question the true scope and intentions of the surveillance that the media can carry out of power and its contribution to democracy. On the other hand, the second reason is the reforms carried out in recent years by the leadership of some progressive or populist governments that have not created a proper environment for this function, and on the contrary, have provided shortcomings for the freedom of information, a basic principle for media accountability. As a conclusion, this paper reflects on the importance of promoting informative pluralism and freedom of expression as the basis of media surveillance of power in the Latin American region.
Bolivia: “Social Control” as the Fourth State Power 1994–2015
(2017) Moira Zuazo
ChatGPT: Towards Educational Technology Micro-Level Framework
(2023) Carie Justine Estrellado; Glen Millar
The study explores the role of ChatGPT in the development of a micro-level framework for Educational Technology (EdTech). This study employed an inductive research design particularly a Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT) approach from thirty-four private secondary high school teachers in the Philippines. To gather insights from specific participants, a semi-structured interview format was utilized. The instrument went through face validation from two experts well-versed in education research, instrumentation, and three-stage prompts. In addition, using JAMOVI software, Fleiss’ Kappa was used with a value of 0.715 indicating a substantial agreement among the expert validators. The interviews were designed to be open-ended, allowing for a flexible exploration of the research topic then subjected for data analysis with the aid of QDA Miner lite software. The findings revealed three (3) distinct milieux: pedagogical support, professional development, and ethical sense. In the (a) pedagogical support milieu, ChatGPT emerges as a virtual compass, offering real-time assistance, explanations, and guidance for teachers. It demonstrates the capability to answer questions, clarify concepts, and provide step-by-step support, crafted to individual students’ needs and learning styles; within the (b) redesigning milieu, it serves as a catalyst for adapting and recalibrating assessment and teaching strategies to suit learning purpose; and (c) ethical sense milieu highlights various implications, including data privacy, plagiarism, transparency, accountability, and overly reliant to the AI tool. Thus, this paper offers a micro-level framework anchored to the ChatGPT’s role in EdTech and aims to stimulate further scholarly discourse in the field.
Corruption and Political Accountability in Good and Bad Economic Times
(RELX Group (Netherlands), 2026) Andrés Barinas Forero; Carlos G. Scartascini
Critical minerals governance in Bolivia: Prior consultation, rights, and international standards
(SAGE Publishing, 2025) Kathryn Ledebur; Erika Weinthal
The transition to green energy has highlighted the geopolitical strategic importance of countries that produce critical minerals such as lithium. Countries with this potential mineral wealth face many of the same socioeconomic and environmental challenges as areas where other mining activities take place. We argue that despite the prevalence of growing global standards in the extractives sector such as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, domestic governance mechanisms that privilege prior consultation are necessary to further accountability and transparency, prevent conflict, and ensure that benefits from critical mineral mining reach communities. Bolivia has the largest known lithium reserves in the world. Since 2010 Bolivia has implemented a state-led lithium extraction and is beginning to implement contracts between its state-owned company, Yacimientos de Litio Bolivianos, and foreign investors. This article explores the implementation of prior consultation in Bolivia’s lithium sector through examining the views of communities living around the Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia. Interviews were conducted with community leaders and members to gauge the extent to which prior consultation is taking place in compliance with international standards and Bolivian law and whether the concerns of local communities are being addressed, especially pertaining to environmental protection and sustainable livelihoods.
Fundamentación acerca del concepto de control de gestión financiera en universidades públicas
(Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, 2025) Felipe Estuardo Herrera Sánchez
The study of the conceptual foundation of financial management control in public universities comes from a set of elements related to a set of concepts, theories and models that come from researchers and authors that support the configuration process in a context where public funds are limited and must be managed optimally. Financial management control not only becomes a key tool for accountability, but also for making strategic decisions that drive institutional development. In this context, financial management control in public universities is configured as a comprehensive and strategic managerial tool that facilitates the generation of key information. Its main purpose is to influence and guide the managers of organizations, ensuring that the activities carried out are aligned with previously established objectives and plans. In addition, it contributes to strengthening the substantive processes of higher education, such as the teaching-learning process, scientific and technological research, and social interaction. This approach, in turn, reflects a commitment to transparency, accountability and the correct management of the limited resources available. In this way, financial management control not only satisfies an administrative need, but is integrated as an essential element of university administration, with the aim of improving educational quality and optimizing the acquisition and use of university financial resources, for the benefit of both the university community and society as a whole.
Funding eligibility requirements: inclusion, exclusion, and mediation in peace interventions
(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Marie Donna M. Ballesteros
This article uses the case study of a network of NGOs involved in peace work in the Philippines to uncover the taken-for-granted reality of funding eligibility requirements – that they evade the question of who can strategically do peace work by defaulting to NGOs with the organisational structure to respond to donors’ accountability requirements, and that these requirements shape the relationships of NGOs on the ground. Theoretically seen as the global imposition of technocracy on the local, this study expands on existing knowledge by capturing the dynamics in a blurred global-local demarcation and by showing agency, thereby refuting the narrative of a technocratic straitjacket.
Guiding principles for transdisciplinary sustainability research and practice
(Wiley, 2023) Maureen G. Reed; James P. Robson; Mariana Campos Rivera; Francisco Chapela; Iain J. Davidson‐Hunt; Peter Friedrichsen; Eleanor Haine; Anthony Blair Dreaver Johnston; Gabriela Lichtenstein; Laura S. Lynes
Abstract Transdisciplinary sustainability scientists are called to conduct research with community actors to understand and improve relations between people and nature. Yet, research hierarchies and power relations continue to favour western academic researchers who remain the gatekeepers of knowledge production and validation. To counter this imbalance, in 2018 we structured a multi‐day workshop to co‐design a set of principles to guide our own transdisciplinary, international and intercultural community of practice for biocultural diversity and sustainability. This community includes community collaborators, partner organizations, and early career and established researchers from Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Germany, Mexico and South Africa. In 2021, we undertook online critical reflection workshops to share our research experiences and deepen our intercultural understanding of the application of the principles. Through these exercises, we adopted seven principles for working together that include: honour self‐determination and nationhood; commit to reciprocal relationships; co‐create the research agenda; approach research in a good way: embed relational accountability; generate meaningful benefits for communities; build in equity, diversity and inclusion; and emphasize critical reflection and shared learning. We explain these principles and briefly highlight their application to our research practices. By sharing these principles and associated practices, we seek to facilitate debate and spur transformations in how we conduct international and intercultural sustainability research. Our efforts also illustrate a strategy for on‐going knowledge co‐production as we cultivate safe and ethical spaces for learning together. Lessons learned may be particularly useful to those who engage in intercultural, collaborative research to advance sustainability transformations. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
How does the UNFCCC enable multi-level learning for the governance of adaptation?
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2023) Javier Gonzales-Iwanciw; Sylvia Karlsson‐Vinkhuyzen; Art Dewulf
Abstract Adaptation has become a priority in global climate change governance since the adoption of the Cancun Adaptation Framework and the Paris Agreement. Adaptation to climate change has been increasingly recognized as a multi-level governance challenge in both the United Nations Framework Climate Change Convention (UNFCCC) regime and academic literature. This recognition often includes, explicitly or implicitly, the role that learning can play across governance levels to accelerate and scale up responses to address adaptation challenges. However, there is no comprehensive assessment in academic literature of how multi-level learning has been considered in the UNFCCC regime, what the enabling factors are, and the outcomes of such learning. Drawing on approaches suggested by multi-level governance and learning literature, this paper seeks to fill this knowledge gap by focusing on the ways in which the UNFCCC multilateral process enables multi-level learning for the governance of adaptation and how it could be enhanced. This will be accomplished through a legal–technical analysis of the enabling factors of multi-level learning in the governance of adaptation under the UNFCCC. Qualitative research methods have been applied for the thematic analysis of selected documentation, complemented by interviews and personal observations of adaptation negotiations in the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement. Results are presented according to three research questions oriented to understand how institutional design of adaptation under the UNFCCC enables multi-level learning; the learning strategies adopted across levels of governance; and the way the UNFCCC regime understands the contribution of multi-level learning for adaptation outcomes.
Implementing Indigenous community control in health care: lessons from Canada
(CSIRO Publishing, 2015) Josée G. Lavoie; Judith Dwyer
Objective Over past decades, Australian and Canadian Indigenous primary healthcare policies have focused on supporting community controlled Indigenous health organisations. After more than 20 years of sustained effort, over 89% of eligible communities in Canada are currently engaged in the planning, management and provision of community controlled health services. In Australia, policy commitment to community control has also been in place for more than 25 years, but implementation has been complicated by unrealistic timelines, underdeveloped change management processes, inflexible funding agreements and distrust. This paper discusses the lessons from the Canadian experience to inform the continuing efforts to achieve the implementation of community control in Australia. Methods We reviewed Canadian policy and evaluation grey literature documents, and assessed lessons and recommendations for relevance to the Australian context. Results Our analysis yielded three broad lessons. First, implementing community control takes time. It took Canada 20 years to achieve 89% implementation. To succeed, Australia will need to make a firm long term commitment to this objective. Second, implementing community control is complex. Communities require adequate resources to support change management. And third, accountability frameworks must be tailored to the Indigenous primary health care context to be meaningful. Conclusions We conclude that although the Canadian experience is based on a different context, the processes and tools created to implement community control in Canada can help inform the Australian context. What is known about the topic? Although Australia has promoted Indigenous control over primary healthcare (PHC) services, implementation remains incomplete. Enduring barriers to the transfer of PHC services to community control have not been addressed in the largely sporadic attention to this challenge to date, despite significant recent efforts in some jurisdictions. What does this paper add? The Canadian experience indicates that transferring PHC from government to community ownership requires sustained commitment, adequate resourcing of the change process and the development of a meaningful accountability framework tailored to the sector. What are the implications for practitioners? Policy makers in Australia will need to attend to reform in contractual arrangements (towards pooled or bundled funding), adopt a long-term vision for transfer and find ways to harmonise the roles of federal and state governments. The arrangements achieved in some communities in the Australian Coordinated Care Trials (and still in place) provide a model.
Income Taxation, Political Accountability and the Provision of Public Goods .
(2016) Oskar Nupia
Using an agency-voting model and considering a general tax schedule (linear and non-linear), we analyze whether an increment in taxes (understood as an increment in the marginal income tax rates, or, alternatively, in tax progressivity) positively affects voters' political demands and, consequently, incumbent's effort and the provision of public goods (PG). We find that only under some particular circumstances this outcome can be observed. We characterize the conditions under which an increment in taxes positively affects voters' demands and show that, although increments in these demands are always useful to foster the incumbent's performance, this is not enough to guarantee an increment in the provision of PG and the incumbent's effort. Contingent to observe an increment in voter's demands, the provision of PG increases if either pivotal voter's disposable income is negatively affected by the increment in taxes, or, if this is positively affected, its increment is small enough. Contingent to observe an increment in the provision of PG, the rents extracted by the incumbent (as proportion of tax revenues) decrease if the increment in PG spending is larger than the change in those tax revenues not extracted by the incumbent.
Indigenous community-based approaches to environmental justice through citizen science
(Springer Science+Business Media, 2026) Afnan Agramont; Analy Baltodano; Mohammad Gharesifard; Leonardo Villafuerte Philippsborn; Liliana Lizarazo‐Rodríguez; Stuart Warner; Ann van Griensven
Indigenous Resistance to Criminal Governance: Why Regional Ethnic Autonomy Institutions Protect Communities from Narco Rule in Mexico
(Cambridge University Press, 2019) Sandra Ley; Shannan Mattiace; Guillermo Trejo
This article explains why some indigenous communities in Mexico have been able to resist drug cartels’ attempts to take over their local governments, populations, and territories while others have not. While indigenous customary laws and traditions provide communal accountability mechanisms that make it harder for narcos to take control, they are insufficient. Using a paired comparison of two indigenous regions in the highlands of Guerrero and Chihuahua—both ideal zones for drug cultivation and traffic—we show that the communities most able to resist narco conquest are those that have a history of social mobilization, expanding village-level indigenous customary traditions into regional ethnic autonomy regimes. By scaling up local accountability practices regionally and developing translocal networks of cooperation, indigenous movements have been able to construct mechanisms of internal control and external protection that enable communities to deter the narcos from corrupting local authorities, recruiting young men, and establishing criminal governance regimes through force.
Integrated Care in Latin America
(2025) Nieves Ehrenberg; Osvaldo Artaza; Ingrid Gómez‐Duarte; Christine Leyns; Gastón Perman; Rocío Sáenz; Galileo Pérez-Hernández; Wilmer Sancho
Internally Displaced Population in Colombia: A Case Study on the Domestic Aspects of Indicators as Technologies of Global Governance
(2012) René Urueña
The notion of indicators as technologies of global governance denotes at least two parties: one the indicator, the other being measured by it. Each of these parties may be, in turn, unpacked so as to include competing actors and agendas on each side of the equation. Thus research of the challenges of this technology requires two complementary paths. First, an exploration of the producing end of the equation: How are indicators created? By whom? Do they enhance or reduce accountability? Can they be regulated? A second area of exploration is the receiving end of the indicator; that is, research focusing on those whose performance is being measured and compared. This paper belongs to that second area. It presents a case study on the role of international indicators in the implementation of internally displaced population (IDP) policy in Colombia, and argues that monitoring is only part of the indicators story, as there is a dialectic element to the process of creating and applying them. Focusing on the role of indicators in domestic politics, this paper argues that indicators are also creatively used for local purposes, not necessarily connected with their original, global origin.
Los principios de la doble función del funcionario público
(Tribunal, 2025) Medina Gonzáles, Sergio Alberto; Leon Crispin, Patricia
El concepto de los principios de la doble función del funcionario público se centra en encontrar un balance entre las responsabilidades técnicas y políticas que deben cumplir los servidores públicos. El objetivo del estudio es analizar los principios que sustentan la doble función del funcionario público en el Perú, así como los dilemas éticos y conflictos de interés derivados de esta responsabilidad dual. La metodología empleada se enmarca en un enfoque cualitativo con un diseño descriptivo-analítico, orientado a examinar las bases normativas y prácticas que rigen la doble función de los servidores públicos. Los resultados destacan que la adopción de estos principios mejora tanto la calidad del servicio público como la percepción de la ciudadanía. En conclusión, la doble función implica un compromiso continuo con la imparcialidad, la transparencia y el bienestar público.
Multi-level learning in the governance of adaptation to climate change: the case of Bolivia’s water sector
(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Javier Gonzales-Iwanciw; Sylvia Karlsson‐Vinkhuyzen; Art Dewulf
The efforts of Bolivia’s water sector to adapt to climate change include the mainstreaming of adaptation in water policy instruments and broad capacity building processes supported by climate funds and international cooperation. These sector-wide adaptation experiences in the country present important learning challenges across different governance levels. This paper analyzes multi-level learning in the governance of adaptation taking place in the water sector in Bolivia, by focusing on changes in the cognitive, normative and relational domains of learning. The analysis is guided by three questions: (i) Which institutional arrangements enable multi-level learning in the governance of adaptation in Bolivia’s water sector? (ii) What are the cognitive, normative and relational dimensions of learning in these arrangements? (iii) What are the implications of multi-level learning for shaping desired outcomes in the governance of adaptation? The case contributes to understanding multi-level learning processes in the governance of adaptation, including the role of national and international climate change policy instruments in these. In addition, the study provides methodological insights for assessing multi-level learning.