Artículo Científico Publicado

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Artículos académicos publicados en revistas científicas con revisión de pares.

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[Elevated gastric lesions].
(1986) de Careaga, B; Villagómez, G; Pabón, J; Calderón, O; Elío, D; Pérez, J; Martínez, M; Patiño, F; Ponce, R; Lora, J
Elevated gastric lesions, represent an important group among gastric pathology. To establish its incidence in our experience, we studied the endoscopic reports of two important hospitals in La Paz city: Instituto de Gastroenterología Boliviano Japonés and Hospital Obrero No. 1. In order to make a good endoscopic diagnosis among different elevated lesions we use some parameters like: location, shape, size, diameter, surface of the lesion and surrounding mucosa and characteristics of the falls. 10.472 endoscopic reports were reviewed, 497 elevated gastric lesions were found, 475 corresponded to mucosal lesions (352 benign lesions and 123 malignant lesions), 11 to submucosal and 11 extragastric lesions.
[Evolution of salaries and the price of food and domestic fuels in the city of La Paz (1975-1985)].
(1987) Laure, J
An analysis was performed on the variations of the food purchasing power of the average industry wage during the period comprised between 1975 and 1984 (increase of 7%), and of the minimum wage between November 1982 and August 1985 (decline of 73%). Development of retail prices in La Paz, for the main food groups, beverages and fuels, was analyzed over the same periods. Variations in work time, paid at average industry wage or at minimum wage, needed to acquire such foodstuffs, beverages or fuels, were also carefully studied. Similarly, development of the cost of calories and proteins was examined. Trends in accessibility of calories and proteins are described. Between 1975 and 1984 these included: a progressive decline in the number of foods that are sources of "cheap" or "very cheap" calories; the same trend was observed with regard to foods which are sources of "cheap" or "very cheap" proteins: A decline in their number and even the disappearance of any source of "very cheap" proteins, and an ever-increasing dependence on agro-industry and foreign imports (notably wheat). Finally, some proposals are made for the purpose of contributing to the establishment of food and nutrition planning. In particular, suggestion is made to automatically reevaluate the minimum wage on the basis of monetary inflation, in order to maintain at least the food purchasing power of the minimum wage. Maintaining this purchasing power greatly determines the nutritional status of the wage-earning population which purchases the most essential foodstuffs.
[Isoniazid acetylation, its relation to genetic and environmental altitude factors].
(1987) Taboada Lopez, G; Navarro de Claure, M L
Since the discovery of isoniacid in 1952, it has become apparent that there are considerable variations in the manner in which individuals react to the drug. We studied 90 patients from La Paz (3.600 m. over sea level) and 50 patients from Santa Cruz (470 m. over sea level). Our results in the two groups tested suggest that the high altitude hypoxia increases the velocity of inactivation. Despite to the influence of hypoxia it was seen that both groups have the some frequency of rapid and slow inactivators.
Specific immunodiagnosis of Chagas disease: immunodiffusion test using a specific serum anti-Trypanosoma cruzi component 5.
(1987) Breniere, F S; Carlier, Y; Carrasco, R; Molinedo, S; Lemesre, J L; Desjeux, P; Afchain, D
A micro double diffusion test (MD), allowing the identification of precipitation brand 5 by identity reaction, using a rabbit specific anti-component 5 serum, was evaluated for the immunological diagnosis of Chagas' disease. The previous studies on the Trypanosoma cruzi specificity of component 5[g] were completed, showing it to be absent in Leishmania brazilienis, but present in different strains of T. cruzi. 200 sera from Bolivian patients were studied. (88 with a positive xenodiagnosis, 45 with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis but without Chagas' disease, and 67 controls). Band 5 was found in 74 (84.1%) of the sera with positive xenodiagnosis but was never found either in the leishmaniasis or in the control groups. MD, allowing an easy detection of T. cruzi specific band 5, cheap and simple to perform, can be recommended in association with other serological tests, when highly specific immunodiagnosis of Chagas' disease is required.
[Report from Bolivia--the composition table of Bolivian foods].
(1987) Tejerina de Ibánez, J; Linares Garrón, S; Feraudi, M
Zymodemes of Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from wild mammals in Bolivia.
(1988) Valette, E; Breniere, S F; Le Pont, F; Desjeux, P
[ Active trypanocidal alkaloids, bisbenzylisoquinoles ii. active in vitro against trypanosoma cruzi the agent responsible for trypanosomiasis, south america].
(1988) Fournet, A; Manjon, A M; Muñoz, V; Angelo, A; Bruneton, J; Hocquemiller, R; Cortes, D; Cavé, A
Chagas disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is an endemic parasitic disease in Central and South America. The chemotherapeutic agents against Trypanosoma cruzi (imidazol compounds, lampit and benznidazol) are not very convenient products. Since it is known that protozoan Trypanosoma are close to Leishmania we studied the action of 14 bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, in vitro, on three strains of T. cruzi (Tulahuen, C8C11, and 1979 CL1). As in the case of Leishmania, gyrocarpine, daphnandrine and obaberine showed an interesting activity and we judge them to be worthy of in vivo assays.
Identification and purification of a 72 kDa antigen of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis present on the surface and in the cytoplasm of the promastigotes and its specific recognition by sera from mucocutaneous leishmaniasis patients.
(1988) Kutner, S; Pellerin, P; Brenière, S F; Desjeux, P; Dedet, J P
[Ductal tumor of the eccrine sweat glands].
(1989) Sangüeza, P; Abularach, J; Sangüeza, O; Sangüeza, L; Martin Sangüeza, J
A dermal ductal tumor developed in sweat gland in 82 years old man, is presented. The lesion was located in the left leg. The clinical diagnosis was verrucous carcinoma and pigmented nevus. Histologically, it was a benign tumor.
[Active antihelminitic alkaloids: active in vitro against Leishmanic Tropica the protozoa involved in leishmaniasis].
(1988) Fournet, A; Muñoz, V; Manjon, A M; Angelo, A; Hocquemiller, R; Cortes, D; Cave, A; Bruneton, J
Leishmaniasis caused by protozoan Leishmania ssp., is an endemic parasitic disease in Central and South America. The chemotherapeutic agents against Leishmania ssp. (pentavalent antimony compounds, pentamidine and amphothericine B) are toxic and expensive products. Basing on the Bolivian folk medicine, we tried to find new active principles. Fourteen isoquinoline alkaloids, especially bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids extracted from Annonaceae, Berberidaceae, Hernandiaceae and Menispermaceae, demonstrate highly effective activity against this protozoan. Among them gyrocarpine, daphnandrine and obaberine seem to be of particular interest. The therapeutic effect was studied by biological assays on culture forms in vitro three strains of Leishmania, L. donovani, L. braziliensis (cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis), L. mexicana amazonensis (cutaneous) and L. donovani (visceral leishmaniasis).
[Eruptive and progressive cutaneous leiomyomatosis associated with cerebrovascular abnormalities and osteoma of the petrous bone].
(1989) Sangüeza, P; Sangüeza, O; Sangüeza, L; Martin Sangüeza, J
He was a patient with 3,065 lesions of different sizes on the skin, placed in arms, legs, sternum area and right thorax, since he was 22 years old. The leiomyomas were painful and with electrical sensation, when you touch them. Faint. He denied similar lesions in relatives. We found abnormal brain vessels and bone tumor in right petrous bone.
Identification of cytoplasmic soluble antigens related to the major surface antigens of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis and L. donovani chagasi.
(1990) Kutner, S; Pellerin, P; Breniere, S F
This study describes the identification of aqueous-soluble antigens in Leishmania promastigotes immunologically and biochemically closely related to the major surface antigen. Proteins from surface-iodinated L. braziliensis braziliensis and L. donovani chagasi promastigotes, extracted and separated by partitioning in the detergent Triton X-114, were analyzed. Immunoblotting of the extracted proteins, using homologous antisera, showed recognition of a 72-kDa labeled, amphiphilic antigen of L. b. braziliensis and a 65-kDa surface antigen of L. d. chagasi. The respective homologous sera also recognized non-labeled hydrophilic antigens, similar in their apparent molecular weights to the major surface antigens. The amphiphilic and hydrophilic antigens of each species were found to share common antigenic determinants, inasmuch as monospecific antibodies that recognized the amphiphilic protein reacted with the hydrophilic antigen. Structural homology was also obtained in the peptide-digestion profiles of the amphiphilic and the respective hydrophilic major antigens. Zymogram assay showed that both amphibilic and hydrophilic fractions displayed proteolytic activity that could be directly attributed to the major L. b. braziliensis and L. d. chagasi antigens. The hydrophilic antigens found in this study are probably not hydrolytic products of the surface antigens and occur in large quantities in the promastigote cytosol.
[Bolivia: the work situation of medical doctors graduating from the medical school of La Paz and Cochabamba between 1981 and 1985].
(1989) Fernández, O; Kroeger, A
Periodic breathing and O2 saturation in relation to sleep stages at high altitude.
(1990) Normand, H; Barragan, M; Benoit, O; Bailliart, O; Raynaud, J
This study was designed to compare sleep organization at high altitude (HA) and sea level (SL) and to estimate the extent periodic breathing (PB) negatively influences arterial O2 saturation (SaO2). Six lowlanders were studied at SL and after 3 weeks spent at 3,800 m (La Paz, Bolivia). Three EEG leads, EOG, submental EMG, chest and abdominal motion, temperature of ventilated gas, and SaO2 were polygraphically recorded. Comparison of HA and SL data disclosed that: 1) Sleep organization was identical, with the same percentage of REM and stage 4. 2) PB (cycle length: 20 s; central apnea: 9 s) occurred in three subjects during all stages of sleep except REM (43-60% of total sleep). A periodic lowering in heart rate occurred during ventilatory oscillation. 3) During PB, SaO2 oscillated very regularly from 78-90%, which resulted in a mean SaO2 value calculated during oscillations similar to that of the non-periodic breathers. We conclude that lung O2 uptake during PB is preserved.
[Acquired paraneoplastic hypertrichosis lanuginosa associated with scleroderma].
(1990) Valda Rodriguez, L; Torrico Velasco, J; Zeballos Vasconcellos, R
Acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa is universally recognized as an individual disease and seldom reported as a genuine paraneoplastic manifestation. We report the case of a 30-year old woman with acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa. Due to the finding of a cervical lymph node metastasis, she was investigated for an internal neoplasm, but the original tumour could not be found by the usual methods. A bronchogenic carcinoma was discovered at autopsy. Beside hypertrichosis, this patient had other disorders not described in the literature as associated with that disease, viz.: progressive systemic scleroderma, fissured and hyperpigmented tongue, thrombocytopenia, galactorrhoea, axillary and pubic alopecia and overcurvature of toe nails. A review of similar cases in the literature provided clinical arguments in favour of the hormonal origin of this paraneoplastic hypertrichosis.
[Non-government organizations and local health systems].
(1990) Lavadenz Mantilla, F
In recent years the failure to meet the health needs of the most unprotected segments of population--those that do not have access to either private or public health care--has spawned the emergence in many of the Region's countries of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that are participating in public health care. This article looks at the role of NGOs in the theoretical health system framework, as well as relationships between the NGOs and other subsectors of the health sector. It reviews the strengths and weaknesses of these organizations and examines the parallelism between their activities and comprehensive development concepts and those inherent in the strategy of implementation of local health systems.
[Experience with a local health system in Santa Cruz, Bolivia].
(1990) Lavadenz Mantilla, F; Roca de Sangueza, E
In 1988 the health care network in Bolivia had 80 health districts, of which 18 were urban and 62 were rural. The city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located in the country's tropical area, was divided into five health districts. One of these was selected for implementation of a local health system, based on four priority criteria: socioeconomic situation, epidemiologic profile, access to health services, and services coverage. After the model had been in place for ten months, significant results could be seen, which are summarized as follows: effective participation by the people in the district, increased demand for preventive services, interest in receiving information and health education, satisfaction on the part of the people with the actions carried out vis-à-vis the perceived needs, and effective coordination of all the institutions making up the local health system.
Echocardiography shows persistent thickness of the wall of the right ventricle in infants at high altitude.
(1991) Aparicio Otero, O; Romero Gutierrez, F; Harris, P; Anand, I
We have applied M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography to infants living at high altitude in La Paz, Bolivia (3800m) and infants living at low altitude in Santa Cruz, Bolivia (400m). At low altitude, the thickness of the anterior wall of the right ventricle decreases during the first month of extrauterine life to a dimension which remains constant for the rest of infancy. At high altitude, the thickness of the anterior wall of the right ventricle at birth is similar to that found at low altitude but does not decrease in the succeeding twelve months. The ratio of the diameter of the aorta to that of the pulmonary artery was higher at low altitude in all age-groups. The observations are consistent with the persistence of a high pulmonary arterial pressure during infancy at high altitude.
The binding of different biosynthetic and extracted human growth hormones to the growth hormone-binding protein of human serum: a comparative study.
(1991) Aguirre, A; Donnadieu, M; Job, J C
This study of the human growth hormone binding protein (GHBP) was undertaken using several samples of hGH, extractive or recombinant, from different origins. They were labelled in identical conditions and assayed by gel chromatography after incubation with three human sera having different levels of binding activity. For each serum the binding activities of the five recombinant hormones were very close and significantly higher (P less than 0.005) then the binding activities of the 2 extractive hormones. A radioactive peak which appeared in the zone of high molecular weights was more important with extractive than with recombinant hormones (P less than 0.01). This peak increased with the ageing of the tracer and appeared even when the tracer was incubated in the absence of serum. Thus, it is for its main part not related to another binding protein but, more likely, to a polymerization of the hormone. These data point out the importance of accurate technical conditions to have a reproducible assay for GHBP and to interpret the results in studies of growth disturbances.
The liver in typhoid fever: always affected, not just a complication.
(1991) Morgenstern, R; Hayes, P C
The course of liver involvement during the first three weeks of typhoid fever was studied in 20 patients. Previous studies of liver involvement in typhoid fever have not considered the time course of changes. In this study, hepatomegaly was found during the 2nd or 3rd wk more often than in the 1st wk (36% vs. 11%), whereas jaundice was detectable in 9% of patients after the 1st wk, but never before. Alkaline phosphatase, AST, and ALT were raised in 100%, 100%, and 91% of cases, respectively, during the 2nd and 3rd wk but during the 1st wk, only 11%, 89%, and 56% had mild increases. This study shows that, although the clinical picture of hepatitis is unusual, liver involvement is invariably present after the 1st wk, and should not be considered as a complication, but as a feature of the disease.

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