Psychosomatic Bruxism and Dental Implant Complications

Abstract

Bruxism is increasingly recognized as a psychosomatic behavior influenced by stress, anxiety, and sleep disturbances, which generates occlusal forces of non-physiological magnitude, potentially compromising the stability of dental implants. This narrative review examines the causal pathway linking psychological factors, bruxism, and implant complications. The literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane (2000–2025) was analyzed. Evidence consistently associates psychosocial stressors with increased mechanical complications, while biological outcomes remain heterogeneous. Digital occlusal analysis, finite element modeling, and AI-based monitoring show promise for early overload detection. An interdisciplinary model integrating dentistry, psychology, and sleep medicine is proposed to optimize implant outcomes and guide future research.