Cólera: una revisión actualizada. parte 2. aspectos epidemiológicos, vacuna anticolérica, modo de transmisión, normas de recolección y envío de muestras para investigación del vibrio cholerae

Abstract

This review gives a complete, precise and update information on the cholera disease, from its beginning in the world up to the current seventh pandaemia, which already is present in South America, including Peru, Colombia and Venezuela. Information is given on the ways the disease is developed, its carrier and treatment, and what is more important: Prevention. It is impossible to prevent its propagation in a country, but if the people has a better understanding of the disease and a preparation on social and sanitary aspects, a lower rate of illiteracy, and a better level of life, then the mortality rate will be lower or not at all. Research is currently done on a vaccine against cholera, but up to date there is still a long way to go, especially in relation to efficacy, lack of the required power, short immunity and inefficacy in the asyntomatic bearers of the disease. The main common treatment continues to be oral and/or parenteral rehydration. The paper will be published in three parts: Part 1. Introduction, History, Definition, Diagnostic. (Salinas, 1992. MedULA. Rev. de la Fac. Med. ULA 1:167-172). Part 2 Epidemiologic aspects. Anticholera vaccine. Transmission mode. Guide for samples and specimens collection, and mailing of samples for research on Vibrio cholerae. Part 3. Cholera complications. Treatment. Genetics of the cholera. Mechanims for control of epidaemias. References.