Limitaciones demográficas para el aprovechamiento sostenible de Euterpe precatoria para producción de palmito en dos tipos de bosque de Bolivia
Date
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Ecología en Bolivia
Abstract
En Bolivia se extrae palmito a niveles comerciales de poblaciones naturales de Euterpe precatoria Mart. Se aprovecha mayormente individuos reproductivos. Como esta especie es una palmera de tallo único y la extracción de palmito causa la muerte del individuo, se espera que el aprovechamiento tenga un impacto negativo en la disponibilidad futura del recurso. Estudiamos la dinámica poblacional de E. precatoria en dos tipos de hábitat: bosque alto (Beni) y bosque inundado (Santa Cruz). Las tasas de crecimiento, supervivencia y reclutamiento fueron similares en ambos tipos de habitat y fueron utilizadas para construir modelos de matrices de transición. La densidad de E. precatoria en el bosque inundado es mucho mayor que en el bosque alto. Ambas poblaciones tienen una tasa de crecimiento (λ) cercano a 1, lo que sugiere que las poblaciones son estables. Usando ecuaciones diseñadas para matrices se estimó que la edad promedio de individuos reproductivos que son aprovechados es de 108 (± 47) y 158 (± 78) años en el bosque alto y en el bosque inundado, respectivamente. Simulaciones realizadas de regímenes de extracción sugieren que cortando el 30% (en bosque alto) y el 20% (en bosque inundado) de los individuos reproductivos en ciclos de corta de 20 años, permiten mantener la disponibilidad del recurso en un 50%, después de 5 ciclos (100 años). Sin embargo, todos los regímenes de extracción provocan una disminución en la disponibilidad futura de palmito.
In Bolivia, palm heart is commercially extracted from natural populations of Euterpe precatoria Mart., mainly from reproductive individuals. Since this species is a single-stemmed palm and palm heart harvesting causes the death of each individual, extraction is expected to have a negative impact on the future resource availability. The population dynamics of E. precatoria were studied in two types of habitat: terra-firme forest (Beni) and seasonally flooded forest (Santa Cruz). Growth, survival, and recruitment rates which were similar in both habitats were used to construct matrix population models. The density of E. precatoria was much higher in the seasonally flooded forest than in the terra firme forest. Both populations have growth rates (λ) close to 1, indicating that the populations are stable. The mean age of reproductive palms was estimated to be 108 (± 47) and 158 (± 78) years for the terra firme forest and the seasonally flooded forest, respectively. Simulations of different harvesting regimes suggests that harvesting 30% (terra firme forest) and 20% (seasonally flooded forest) of reproductive individuals would allow the availability of 50% of the resource base after five harvesting cycles (100 years). Nevertheless, all harvesting regimes led to a decrease in the number of reproductive individuals.
In Bolivia, palm heart is commercially extracted from natural populations of Euterpe precatoria Mart., mainly from reproductive individuals. Since this species is a single-stemmed palm and palm heart harvesting causes the death of each individual, extraction is expected to have a negative impact on the future resource availability. The population dynamics of E. precatoria were studied in two types of habitat: terra-firme forest (Beni) and seasonally flooded forest (Santa Cruz). Growth, survival, and recruitment rates which were similar in both habitats were used to construct matrix population models. The density of E. precatoria was much higher in the seasonally flooded forest than in the terra firme forest. Both populations have growth rates (λ) close to 1, indicating that the populations are stable. The mean age of reproductive palms was estimated to be 108 (± 47) and 158 (± 78) years for the terra firme forest and the seasonally flooded forest, respectively. Simulations of different harvesting regimes suggests that harvesting 30% (terra firme forest) and 20% (seasonally flooded forest) of reproductive individuals would allow the availability of 50% of the resource base after five harvesting cycles (100 years). Nevertheless, all harvesting regimes led to a decrease in the number of reproductive individuals.
Description
No. 33