Vida y Medicina Tradicional de los Mosetenes de Muchanes
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Ecología en Bolivia
Abstract
El trabajo presenta información antropológica y características de la medicina tradicional, como parte del contexto, estructura e identidad existente en la comunidad mosetén que habita la localidad de Muchanes, ubicada en la región de Alto Beni, provincia Larecaja del Departamento de La Paz, Bolivia. Los problemas de salud son resueltos a través del uso de plantas medicinales. Se evidencia una creciente agudización de las enfermedades y la falta de transmisión organizada de los conocimientos mosetenes respecto a su medicina ancestral. La metodología de la presente investigación fue realizada mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas y por convivencia directa con los pobladores mosetenes de Muchanes. Se obtuvo información del uso medicinal de 88 especies de plantas, encontradas en el bosque primario, bosque secundario y jardines domésticos de la comunidad, las que fueron categorizadas en 50 usos específicos tradicionales. Revisten significativa importancia los parámetros - edad y género -para establecer el grado de conocimiento y uso de las plantas medicinales. El reporte total de 95 plantas con uso medicinal pertenecientes al bosque primario, contabilizó 54 especies conocidas por el género masculino, cifra que expresa el 57% de la totalidad. De la misma forma, las 41 especies reportadas por el género femenino implican un 43%. Del total de 80 plantas pertenecientes al bosque secundario, contabilizó 38 especies conocidas por el género masculino, con el 47% de la totalidad. Mientras que los 42 reportes del género femenino implican un 53%.
The present work refers to both anthropological and traditional medicine's features as part of the context, structure, and identity of the Moseten community based in Muchanes (region of Alto Beni, province Larecaja, Deparment La Paz, Bolivia). Health problems are still solved by the Moseten group through the use of medicinal plants. But there is a tendence of expanding local illnesses and also a lack of knowledge transmission between generations about the goodness of the Moseten ancestral medicine. Methods include semi-structured interviews and living together among members of the Moseten group in Muchanes. Information was gathered on 88 plant species used for their medicinal properties and found in primary forests, secondary forests, and domestic gardens. These species were clasified in 50 different specific traditional uses. Among other parameters chosen for defining the knowledge degree and use of medicinal plants, age and genre were the most significative. Fifty four plant species with medicinal use known by males (which means 57% of the total knowledge) were reported by 95 plants which were found in primary forests. While females reach about 41 species, which implies 43% of the total. In secondary forests, from 80 medicinal plant species thirty eight were known by males (47% of total) and 42 species were recorded by females (53% of total).
The present work refers to both anthropological and traditional medicine's features as part of the context, structure, and identity of the Moseten community based in Muchanes (region of Alto Beni, province Larecaja, Deparment La Paz, Bolivia). Health problems are still solved by the Moseten group through the use of medicinal plants. But there is a tendence of expanding local illnesses and also a lack of knowledge transmission between generations about the goodness of the Moseten ancestral medicine. Methods include semi-structured interviews and living together among members of the Moseten group in Muchanes. Information was gathered on 88 plant species used for their medicinal properties and found in primary forests, secondary forests, and domestic gardens. These species were clasified in 50 different specific traditional uses. Among other parameters chosen for defining the knowledge degree and use of medicinal plants, age and genre were the most significative. Fifty four plant species with medicinal use known by males (which means 57% of the total knowledge) were reported by 95 plants which were found in primary forests. While females reach about 41 species, which implies 43% of the total. In secondary forests, from 80 medicinal plant species thirty eight were known by males (47% of total) and 42 species were recorded by females (53% of total).
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No. 29