Comprendiendo la discapacidad intelectual:: datos, criterios y reflexiones
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Revista de Psicologia
Abstract
El presente artículo presenta información relevante y de actualidad sobre la discapacidad y permite apreciar la situación de la discapacidad intelectual en Bolivia. La discapacidad intelectual se ubica como uno de los problemas de mayor incidencia dentro de las dificultades generales o globales del desarrollo y el aprendizaje, sin embargo, su evaluación y diagnóstico no siempre han sido precisos y acordes a la verdadera magnitud de la problemática. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis de la evolución del concepto de discapacidad intelectual, y se plantean los criterios apropiados para la evaluación de los factores implicados en la definición vigente hacia un adecuado diagnóstico. Finalmente, se plantea un modelo multidimensional para la evaluación y abordaje de la discapacidad intelectual, que incorpora los apoyos necesarios. Los apoyos son los recursos y estrategias que pretenden promover el desarrollo, educación, intereses y bienestar personal de una persona y que mejoran el funcionamiento individual. El funcionamiento individual resulta de la interacción de esos apoyos con las dimensiones de habilidades intelectuales, conducta adaptativa, participación, interacciones y roles sociales, la salud y el contexto. Finalmente, se concluye que la discapacidad es un asunto de derechos humanos y, por tanto, es necesario erradicar toda desventaja atentatoria.
This article presents relevant and current information on disability and allows appreciating the situation of intellectual disability in Bolivia. Intellectual disability ranks as one of the most prevalent problems in general and global development and learning difficulties, however, evaluation and diagnosis have not always been accurate and consistent with the true magnitude of the problem. This paper presents an analysis of the evolution of the concept of intellectual disability is made, and settles the appropriate criteria for evaluating the factors involved in the current definition raised to a proper diagnosis. Finally, a multidimensional model for assessing and addressing intellectual disability is presented, which incorporates the necessary support areas. Supports are resources and strategies that aim to promote development, education, interests and personal well-being of a person, and also aim to enhance individual performance. The individual performance results from the interaction of these supports with the dimensions of intellectual skills, adaptive behavior, participation, interaction and social roles, health and the environment. Finally, the conclusion is that disability is a human rights issue, and therefore it is necessary to eradicate all attempted threat disadvantage.
This article presents relevant and current information on disability and allows appreciating the situation of intellectual disability in Bolivia. Intellectual disability ranks as one of the most prevalent problems in general and global development and learning difficulties, however, evaluation and diagnosis have not always been accurate and consistent with the true magnitude of the problem. This paper presents an analysis of the evolution of the concept of intellectual disability is made, and settles the appropriate criteria for evaluating the factors involved in the current definition raised to a proper diagnosis. Finally, a multidimensional model for assessing and addressing intellectual disability is presented, which incorporates the necessary support areas. Supports are resources and strategies that aim to promote development, education, interests and personal well-being of a person, and also aim to enhance individual performance. The individual performance results from the interaction of these supports with the dimensions of intellectual skills, adaptive behavior, participation, interaction and social roles, health and the environment. Finally, the conclusion is that disability is a human rights issue, and therefore it is necessary to eradicate all attempted threat disadvantage.
Description
No. 15