Importancia nutricional en el manejo de sarcopenia en adultos mayores
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Vive Rev. Salud
Abstract
El envejecimiento produce cambios en la fisiología, tanto en órganos como en sistemas del cuerpo humano, es común observar que la desnutrición es prevalente en el adulto mayor lo que da lugar a una pérdida de masa y fuerza muscular de forma progresiva traducida clínicamente por una disminución involuntaria de peso que se acompaña de deterioro cognitivo, predisponiendo a este grupo vulnerable a padecer sarcopenia que se asocia frecuentemente con fragilidad, discapacidad y mortalidad en los adultos mayores. Objetivo. Analizar la importancia de la nutrición en el manejo de la sarcopenia en los adultos mayores. Metodología. Se trata de un estudio de tipo descriptivo, direccionado a la revisión y análisis de investigaciones publicadas en bases de datos científicas de alto impacto, el idioma portugués fue uno de los criterios de exclusión, así como publicaciones inferiores al año 2018. Se identificaron 195 registros de los cuales 145 fueron excluidos al pasar un primer filtro de acuerdo con los criterios de exclusión. Fueron elegidos 15 artículos. Conclusión. Se establece que la sarcopenia puede estar presente tanto en pacientes con desnutrición como con obesidad, sin embargo, la terapia nutricional de rescate se basa en una dieta hiperproteica que no sobrepase el rango entre 1 a 1.6 gr/kg/día y que se acompañe de ejercicio físico periódico. La sarcopenia es un trastorno que puede considerarse propio del envejecimiento, las comorbilidades y trastornos dietéticos traducidos en un IMC de sobrepeso u obesidad complican la situación de salud del adulto mayor.
Aging produces changes in physiology, both in organs and systems of the human body, it is common to observe that malnutrition is prevalent in the elderly which results in a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength clinically translated by an involuntary decrease in weight that is accompanied by cognitive impairment, predisposing this vulnerable group to suffer from sarcopenia which is frequently associated with frailty, disability and mortality in older adults. Objective. To analyze the importance of nutrition in the management of sarcopenia in older adults. Methodology. This is a descriptive type study, directed to the review and analysis of research published in high impact scientific databases, Portuguese language was one of the exclusion criteria, as well as publications less than the year 2018. A total of 195 records were identified, 145 of which were excluded after passing a first filter according to the exclusion criteria. Fifteen articles were selected. Conclusion. It is established that sarcopenia can be present in both patients with malnutrition and obesity, however, rescue nutritional therapy is based on a hyperprotein diet that does not exceed the range between 1 to 1.6 g/kg/day and is accompanied by periodic physical exercise. Sarcopenia is a disorder that can be considered typical of aging, comorbidities and dietary disorders translated into an overweight or obese BMI complicate the health situation of the older adult.
Aging produces changes in physiology, both in organs and systems of the human body, it is common to observe that malnutrition is prevalent in the elderly which results in a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength clinically translated by an involuntary decrease in weight that is accompanied by cognitive impairment, predisposing this vulnerable group to suffer from sarcopenia which is frequently associated with frailty, disability and mortality in older adults. Objective. To analyze the importance of nutrition in the management of sarcopenia in older adults. Methodology. This is a descriptive type study, directed to the review and analysis of research published in high impact scientific databases, Portuguese language was one of the exclusion criteria, as well as publications less than the year 2018. A total of 195 records were identified, 145 of which were excluded after passing a first filter according to the exclusion criteria. Fifteen articles were selected. Conclusion. It is established that sarcopenia can be present in both patients with malnutrition and obesity, however, rescue nutritional therapy is based on a hyperprotein diet that does not exceed the range between 1 to 1.6 g/kg/day and is accompanied by periodic physical exercise. Sarcopenia is a disorder that can be considered typical of aging, comorbidities and dietary disorders translated into an overweight or obese BMI complicate the health situation of the older adult.
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Vol. 6, No. 16