Impuesto al Valor Agregado en Colombia. Consideraciones sobre su incidencia distributiva y propuestas de reforma
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rlde
Abstract
Este trabajo analiza la incidencia distributiva del IVA en Colombia empleando la Encuesta Nacional de Presupuesto de los Hogares (ENPH) de 2016/17, y sucesivamente evalúa los efectos distributivos de cinco reformas que combinan un IVA de alícuota uniforme con esquemas de transferencias hacia los más pobres. Los resultados señalan que el IVA resulta regresivo por ingreso, pero prácticamente proporcional por consumo. El hecho de que la distribución del gasto tributario tienda a ser neutral despierta interrogantes acerca del poder redistributivo de la diferenciación de alícuotas del esquema vigente. Se plantearon cinco reformas, las cuales se contrastaron con el actual esquema "sin devoluciones" del IVA pagado; todas resultaron beneficiosas. En comparación con un escenario "con devoluciones" solo tres de ellas fueron ventajosas.
This paper analyzes the distributive incidence of VAT in Colombia using the 2016/17 National Household Budget Survey (ENPH), and successively evaluates the distributive effects of five reforms that combine a uniform rate VAT with transfer schemes to the poorest households. The results show that VAT is regressive by income, but practically proportional by consumption. The fact that the distribution of tax expenditure tends to be neutral raises questions about the redistributive power of the differentiation of rates of the current scheme. Five reforms were proposed which were contrasted with the current scheme "without refunds" ofVAT; all were beneficial. Compared to a scenario "with returns" only three of them were advantageous. Clasificación/Classification JEL: H11, H22
This paper analyzes the distributive incidence of VAT in Colombia using the 2016/17 National Household Budget Survey (ENPH), and successively evaluates the distributive effects of five reforms that combine a uniform rate VAT with transfer schemes to the poorest households. The results show that VAT is regressive by income, but practically proportional by consumption. The fact that the distribution of tax expenditure tends to be neutral raises questions about the redistributive power of the differentiation of rates of the current scheme. Five reforms were proposed which were contrasted with the current scheme "without refunds" ofVAT; all were beneficial. Compared to a scenario "with returns" only three of them were advantageous. Clasificación/Classification JEL: H11, H22
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No. 39