¿Hacia dónde se encamina la descentralización fiscal en Bolivia?
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rlde
Abstract
La Ley de Participación Popular, aprobada en 1994, empezó un vigoroso proceso de descentralización en el país. Este proceso se ha profundizado desde entonces; los recursos administrados por los municipios, y en menor medida por las prefecturas, han mostrado un fuerte crecimiento. En contraste con los mayores recursos provenientes por transferencias, los recursos propios no han mostrado un desarrollo similar, ni se han incrementado de manera importante las competencias de las entidades descentralizadas. El desarrollo de capacidades de los gobiernos subnacionales muestra una elevada dispersión, con municipios que han generado un nivel aceptable de capacidades, y otros carentes de éstas, mientras las prefecturas recién comienzan este proceso. Éste es el entorno en el que se ha de definir la nueva fase de la descentralización. La propuesta de Constitución Política del Estado aprobada en Oruro y los Estatutos Autonómicos propuestos por varias regiones incorporan en sus diseños propuestas para esta fase de descentralización. El artículo examina estas propuestas y plantea los desafíos que este proceso deberá encarar, así como las consideraciones que la cooperación técnica alemana (GTZ), con sus contrapartes bolivianas, debe tener presente al diseñar sus programas de cooperación técnica.
The process of decentralization begun in 1994, with the approval of the law of popular participation ("Ley de Participación Popular"). Since then, the public resources that the municipalities, and to a lesser degree the states ("departamentos"), control have grown significantly. In contrast with the growing volume of transfers, the resources generated by the local governments have not developed at a similar speed, and their responsibilities have not been increased. The capacity building process of the local governments have been unequal, with some municipalities that have achieved an acceptable level of capabilities, but other that lack those, while the prefectures are just beginning the processes of capacity building. In this background, the next phase of the decentralization has to be constructed. The proposal for a new Political Constitution approved in Oruro and the Statutes of Autonomy proposed by several departamentos design this phase of decentralization. This article reviews these proposals, looks at the challenges that this process has to face, and highlights the issues that the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) with its Bolivian partners has to consider at designing its cooperation program.
The process of decentralization begun in 1994, with the approval of the law of popular participation ("Ley de Participación Popular"). Since then, the public resources that the municipalities, and to a lesser degree the states ("departamentos"), control have grown significantly. In contrast with the growing volume of transfers, the resources generated by the local governments have not developed at a similar speed, and their responsibilities have not been increased. The capacity building process of the local governments have been unequal, with some municipalities that have achieved an acceptable level of capabilities, but other that lack those, while the prefectures are just beginning the processes of capacity building. In this background, the next phase of the decentralization has to be constructed. The proposal for a new Political Constitution approved in Oruro and the Statutes of Autonomy proposed by several departamentos design this phase of decentralization. This article reviews these proposals, looks at the challenges that this process has to face, and highlights the issues that the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) with its Bolivian partners has to consider at designing its cooperation program.
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No. 10